<!doctype html><html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head>  <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-63955840-1"></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,CgkgIHdpbmRvdy5kYXRhTGF5ZXIgPSB3aW5kb3cuZGF0YUxheWVyIHx8IFtdOwoJICBmdW5jdGlvbiBndGFnKCl7ZGF0YUxheWVyLnB1c2goYXJndW1lbnRzKTt9CgkgIGd0YWcoJ2pzJywgbmV3IERhdGUoKSk7CgoJICAKCSAgCSAgZ3RhZygnY29uZmlnJywgJ1VBLTYzOTU1ODQwLTEnKTsKCSAgCgk="></script> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/m.gunkrazy.com-favicon-image.png"><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"><style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><title>Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering</title><meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/><link rel="canonical" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta property="og:title" content="Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering" /><meta property="og:url" content="//m.gunkrazy.com/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Mechanical Engineering blog" /><meta property="fb:admins" content="https://www.facebook.com/sachin.thorat3" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@thoratsachin027" /><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@thoratsachin027" /><meta name="twitter:label1" content="Time to read" /><meta name="twitter:data1" content="Less than a minute" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#person","name":"Sachin Thorat","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/royal.mech.engg","https://twitter.com/thoratsachin027"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#logo","url":"//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","contentUrl":"//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","caption":"Mechanical Engineering blog","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"300","height":"300"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#logo","url":"//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","contentUrl":"//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","caption":"Mechanical Engineering blog","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"300","height":"300"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#website","url":"//m.gunkrazy.com","name":"Mechanical Engineering blog","publisher":{"@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"//m.gunkrazy.com/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#webpage","url":"//m.gunkrazy.com/","name":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","datePublished":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","dateModified":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","about":{"@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#website"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#author","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=96&amp;d=wavatar&amp;r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=96&amp;d=wavatar&amp;r=g","inLanguage":"en-US"}},{"@type":"Article","headline":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","datePublished":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","dateModified":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","author":{"@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"name":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#webpage"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"//m.gunkrazy.com/#webpage"}}]}</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="5Sa35IchqdSspzqAS1DI0AQEde9mldI2FZu66psXg" /><meta name="msvalidate.01" content="0633F9DED879963ED766DB4D21411F2B" /><meta name="yandex-verification" content="6203245cb91cc415" /><meta name="p:domain_verify" content="1d54713710a5b65365ad80e5daccdb40" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Learn Mechanical Engineering &raquo; Feed" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Learn Mechanical Engineering &raquo; Comments Feed" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/comments/feed/" /> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,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"></script> <!--noptimize--><script id="learn-ready">
			window.advanced_ads_ready=function(e,a){a=a||"complete";var d=function(e){return"interactive"===a?"loading"!==e:"complete"===e};d(document.readyState)?e():document.addEventListener("readystatechange",(function(a){d(a.target.readyState)&&e()}),{once:"interactive"===a})},window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[];		</script>
		<!--/noptimize--><style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.5' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item}</style><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-income-school-style-css' href='//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_6aa70931e213384c9a6255eeedb3f19f.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width768-css' href='//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_4097091fbbb660b667281e5052538af8.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 768px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width960-css' href='//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_1b82ae29fa8c6f6b1dda16beb19cfc46.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 960px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width1200-css' href='//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_90097e866176b4ced86c9b703df91b35.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 1200px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_605682d15b905afcca53b93514fbaeca.php?ver=2.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='custom-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.search-wrapper #search-icon{background:url("//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png") center/cover no-repeat #fff;}.share-container .email-btn:before{background:url("//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/envelope.svg") center/cover no-repeat;}.share-container .print-btn:before{background:url("//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/print-icon.svg") center/cover no-repeat;}.externallinkimage{background-image:url("//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/extlink.png")}body, body ul, body li, body td, body th, body p, body p.legal-disclaimer, body  input, body select, body optgroup, body textarea, body .entry-meta span, body.single .entry-meta .byline, .entry-content .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li a{ color: #4f4f4f; }body.home #page .hero-text-wrapper h2.hero-text{ color:#ffffff; }#content h1, #content h2:not(.widget-title, .hero-text, .section-header-text, .card-title), #content h3, #content .author-card .author-info a, #content h4, #content h5, #content h6, #content .header { color: #bf22b2; }body .article-card header p a{color:#ff392e;}body.home #page h2.section-header-text,#page .featured-categories-wrapper .category-card h2:before{ background-color:#d693c6;}#page .featured-categories-wrapper .category-card:hover h2:before{ opacity:0.5; transition:opacity 500ms;}body.home #page h2.section-header-text, body.home #page h2.card-title{ color:#ff392e;}body a, body a:visited, body a:focus, body a:active{ color: #ff392e; }body a:hover, body a:visited:hover, body a:focus, body a:active { color: #ff392e }.woocommerce #respond input#submit, #content .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background), #content button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content a.button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content a.button:visited:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content input[type='button']:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content input[type='reset'], #content input[type='submit'], #content .button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit) { background: #ff392e; }.woocommerce #respond input#submit, .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color), #page button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #page a.button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #page a.button:visited:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), input[type='button']:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), input[type='reset'], input[type='submit'], .button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit) { color: #f2f2f2; }.woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs::before, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li{border-color:#bababa;}#content hr, body .wp-block-separator{ background-color: #bababa; } #page aside#secondary .legal-info-container, #page aside#secondary .sidebar-ad{ border-top-color: #bababa;} #page .author-card{border-top-color: #bababa;border-bottom-color: #bababa;}#page .site-footer{border-top-color: #bababa;}@media (min-width: 960px){#page .site-content .widget-area{border-left-color:#bababa;}}#content #antibounce { background: #f0f0f0; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card .copy-wrapper p{ color: #000000; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card button{ background-color: #000000; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card button { color: #ffffff }
.article-card .image-container {
   
    background-size: contain;</style><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/11350" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.5" /><link rel='shortlink' href='//m.gunkrazy.com/' /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fm.gunkrazy.com%2F" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fm.gunkrazy.com%2F&#038;format=xml" /><meta name="category" content="homepage" /><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Libre+Franklin:wght@400;800&family=Roboto+Condensed&display=swap" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><style>ins.adsbygoogle { background-color: transparent; padding: 0; }</style><script  async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1685119944030639" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </head><body class="home page-template-default page page-id-11350 aa-prefix-learn-"><div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a><header id="masthead" class="site-header desktop-toggle"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="hamburger-wrapper desktop"> <button class="hamburger hamburger--squeeze menu-toggle" type="button" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="hamburger-box"> <span class="hamburger-inner"></span> </span> <span class="label">MENU</span> </button></div><div class="site-branding"> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home" itemprop="url"><img width="300" height="300" src="//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png 300w, //m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></div><div class="search-wrapper"> <a href="#open" id="search-icon" style="background: url(//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png) center/cover no-repeat #fff;"><span class="sr-only">Search</span></a><div class="search-form-wrapper"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="//m.gunkrazy.com/"><style>.search-wrapper.search-active .search-field {
			width: 200px;
			display: inline-block;
			vertical-align: top;
		}
		.search-wrapper button[type="submit"] {
			display: inline-block;
			vertical-align: top;
			top: -35px;
			position: relative;
			background-color: transparent;
			height: 30px;
			width: 30px;
			padding: 0;
			margin: 0;
			background-image: url("//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png");
			background-position: center;
			background-repeat: no-repeat;
			background-size: contain;
		}
		.search-wrapper.search-active button[type="submit"] {
			display: inline-block !important;
		}</style><label for="s"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-field" class="search-field" placeholder="Search &hellip;" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit" style="display:none;"><span class="screen-reader-text"></span></button></form></div></div></div><nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation"><div class="menu-main-manu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="inner-wrap"><li id="menu-item-13454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-home menu-item-13454"><a href="http://m.gunkrazy.com">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-13461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-13461"><a target="_blank" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-subject-wise-basic-concept-notes/">Subject Wise Notes</a></li><li id="menu-item-13456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-13456"><a target="_blank" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-engineering-projects/">Projects List</a></li><li id="menu-item-13457" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-13457"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Project and seminars</a> <button type='button' class='toggle-submenu'><span class='sr-only'>Submenu Toggle</span> </button><ul class='submenu'><li id="menu-item-13458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13458"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Mechanical Projects Report</a></li><li id="menu-item-13459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13459"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/seminar-topics/">Mechanical Seminar</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-13460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13460"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/cad-cam-software/">CAD Software</a></li><li id="menu-item-13462" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13462"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/exam-gate-ies/">GATE</a></li><li id="menu-item-13466" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-13466"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/career/">Career</a> <button type='button' class='toggle-submenu'><span class='sr-only'>Submenu Toggle</span> </button><ul class='submenu'><li id="menu-item-13467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13467"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/interview-guide/">Interview Guide</a></li><li id="menu-item-13468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13468"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/technical-questions/">Technical Questions</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></nav></header><div id="content" class="site-content"><div id="primary" class="content-area"><section class="featured-categories-wrapper"><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/jigs-and-fixture-design1-768x581.jpg')"> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-engineering-projects/"><h2 class="card-title">Index of Mechanical Projects</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/lathe-machine-operation-768x515.jpg')"> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-subject-wise-basic-concept-notes/"><h2 class="card-title">Mechanical Subjects notes</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/CATIA-V5-Surface.jpg')"> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/cad-software/"><h2 class="card-title">CAD Design</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Orbital-Welding-Process-Equipment-Application-min-1.png')"> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/manufacturing-technology-notes/"><h2 class="card-title">Manufacturing Technology Notes</h2> </a></article></section><main id="main" class="site-main"><section class="articles-wrapper"><h2 class="section-header-text">Recent Posts</h2><article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/download-gate-2015-answers-explanation/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/GATE-ME-300x188.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Download Gate 2015 | Answers explanation and answers keys</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/download-gate-2015-answers-explanation/">Download Gate 2015 | Answers explanation and answers keys</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>I have Mechanical Engineering  (ME) Gate 2015 solutions and answer keys. Although , this keys are not official. This keys and solution are collected by students memory and discussion after Gate...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/download-gate-2015-answers-explanation/" aria-label="View Post: Download Gate 2015 | Answers explanation and answers keys">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Download Gate 2015 | Answers explanation and answers keys","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/download-gate-2015-answers-explanation\/","articleBody":"I have Mechanical Engineering \u00a0(ME) Gate 2015 solutions and answer keys. Although , this keys are not official. This keys and solution are collected by students memory and discussion after Gate examination. Our team will not take any responsibility for any error or wrong answers. Files are uploaded on ziddu.com .You can download it freely.\r\n\r\nGATE 2015 examinations will be held during forenoon and afternoon sessions on alternate weekends (Saturday and Sunday) between 31st January 2015 and 8th February 2015. Examination for some of the papers in GATE 2015 will be held in multiple sessions.\r\n\r\nDownload :\r\n\r\n1. 1 Feb 2015- Morning Session.- Click here to Download Solution and Answer keys Of Mechanical Engineering (ME) Gate 2015 Paper for Free.\r\n\r\n2. 1 Feb 2015- Evening Session.- Click here to Download Solution and Answer keys Of Mechanical Engineering (ME) Gate 2015 Paper for Free.\r\n\r\n3. 31 Jan 2015-\u00a0Evening\u00a0Session.- Click here to Download Solution and Answer keys Of Mechanical\u00a0Engineering(ME) Gate 2015 Paper for Free.\r\n\r\n4. 31 Jan 2015- Morning Session.- Click here to Download Solution and Answer keys Of Mechanical Engineering (ME) Gate 2015 Paper for Free. (This \u00a0link will update soon ! Visit daily for next update)\r\nHow To Check GATE ME\/MECHANICAL AN session answer key\r\n1. Visit the official website\u00a0Click Here\r\n2. Click on GATE 2015 ME AN session answer key Button\r\n3. Then Download the PDF file.\r\nOfficial website:\u00a0gate.iitk.ac.in\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\nGate\u00a0Answer\u00a0key by Top Institutes\r\nGATE Forum MECHANICAL Answer key\u00a0gateforum.com\r\n\r\nThe GATE Academy MECHANICAL Answer key\u00a0thegateacademy.com\r\n\r\nACE Engineering Academy MECHANICAL Answer key\u00a0www.aceenggacademy.com\r\n\r\nwww.madeeasy.in\u00a0Madeeasy MECHANICAL Answer key 2015","headline":"Download Gate 2015 | Answers explanation and answers keys","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/GATE-ME-300x188.jpg","height":188,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/tribology-3-introduction-of-wear-and/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Zerowearofhelicalgear..jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Tribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/tribology-3-introduction-of-wear-and/">Tribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Tribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism
Introduction of Wear
Undesirable removal of material from operating solid surface is known as wear. There are two definitions :  (1) Zero...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/tribology-3-introduction-of-wear-and/" aria-label="View Post: Tribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Tribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/tribology-3-introduction-of-wear-and\/","articleBody":"Tribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism\r\nIntroduction of Wear\r\nUndesirable removal of material from operating solid surface is known as wear. There are two definitions :\r\n\r\n(1) Zero wear : Removal of material which causes polishing of material surfaces may be known as \"Zero wear\". It may increase performance. It is for betterment, so it is not undesirable.\r\n\r\nZero wear is basically a polishing process in which the asperities of the contacting surfaces are gradually worn off until a very fine, smooth surface develops. Generally, \u201cpolishing-in\u201d wear is desirable for better life of tribo-pair. Fig. 1 shows polished surface of helical gear which occurs due to slow loss of metal at a rate that will have a little affect on the satisfactory performance within the life of the gears.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.1 Zero wear\r\n\r\n\r\n(2) Measurable wear : Removal of material from surface that increases vibration; noise or surface roughness may be treated an \"Measurable wear\". Often we measure wear in volume\/mass reduction. Undesirable removal of material occurs in measurable wear.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. 2\u00a0Measurable wear\r\n\r\n\r\nMeasurable wear refers to a loss of material which must be counted to estimate the life of tribo-pair. The extent of measurable wear depends on the lubrication regime, the nature of the load, the surface hardness and roughness, and on the contaminants in the lubricating oil. A typical example of measurable wear in helical gear is shown in Fig. 2 which is typically known as pitting wear.\r\n\r\nPitting :\r\n\r\nPitting is a surface fatigue failure which occurs due to repeated loading of tooth surface and the contact stress exceeding the surface fatigue strength of the material. Material in the fatigue region gets removed and a pit is formed. The pit itself will cause stress concentration and soon the pitting spreads to adjacent region till the whole surface is covered with pits. Subsequently, higher impact load resulting from pitting may cause fracture of already weakened tooth. Sometimes impurities in materials provide nucleus for crack generation as shown in Fig. 3 (c). Fig. 3 (d) shows merger of generated cracks, which finally detaches from the surface as shown in Fig. 3 (e). Such formation of pits (removal of material) comes under measurable wear.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.3 Formation Of Pitting\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRemoval of material from operating solid surfaces by solid particles depends upon Load, Velocity, Environment, and Materials. Removal of material from operating solid surface by Fluid (liquid\/gas) depends upon Velocity, pressure, Environment and material.\r\n\r\nAs wear increases power losses increases, oil consumption increases, rate of component replacement also increases. Ultimately, it reduces efficiency of the system. Therefore, as far as possible wear should be minimized.\r\n\r\nWear Mechanisms :\r\n\r\nWear can be classified based on the ways that the frictional junctions are broken, that is, elastic displacement, plastic displacement, cutting, destruction of surface films and destruction of bulk material. There are many types of wear mechanisms, but we shall discuss about common wear mechanisms, which are:\r\n\r\n\u2022 Abrasive Wear : polishing, scouring, scratching, grinding, gouging.\r\n\u2022 Adhesive Wear : galling, scuffing, scoring.\r\n\u2022 Cavitation (interaction with fluid).\r\n\u2022 Corrosive Wear (Chemical nature).\r\n\u2022 Erosive Wear.\r\n\u2022 Fatigue : delamination.\r\n\u2022 Fretting Wear.\r\n\r\n1. Adhesive Wear\r\n\r\nAdhesive wear is very common in metals. It is heavily dependent on the mutual affinity between the materials. Let us take example of steel and indium [Fig. 4 (a)]. When steel pin under load is pushed [Fig. 4 (b)] in indium block, and subsequently retracted [Fig. 4 (c)], a thin layer of indium transferred on the steel pin. Similar behavior is observed by pushing brass metal in indium metal. This behavior demonstrates the loss of indium material, which occurs due to high value of adhesive force between steel and indium. If steel pin is subjected to normal load as well as tangential load [Fig. 4 (d)] then severe wear of indium material occurs. By introducing a thin layer of lubricant at the interface of indium and metal, the severe wear can be reduced to mild wear. Shear strength of lubricant layer is much smaller than shear strength of indium metal, therefore weak interface between steel and indium occurs which can be sheared easily and wear rate reduces to mild value.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.4\u00a0Adhesive wear.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nScoring wear, a severe form of adhesive wear, occurs due to tearing out of small particles that weld together as a result of overheating (due to high contact pressure and\/or high sliding velocity) of the tooth mesh zone, permitting metal to metal contact shown in Fig. 5. After welding, sliding forces tear the metal from the surface producing a minute cavity in one surface and a projection on the other. The wear initiates microscopically, however, it progresses rapidly. Scoring is sometimes referred to as galling, seizing or scuffing.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.5\u00a0Scoring.\r\n\r\n\r\nSteps leading to Adhesive Wear :\r\n\r\n \tDeformation of contacting asperities Fig. 6 (a).\r\n \tRemoval (abrasion) of protective oxide surface film.\r\n \tFormation of adhesive junctions Fig. 6 (b).\r\n \tFailure of junction by pulling out large lumps and transfer of materials Fig. 6 (c).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.6\u00a0Steps leading to adhesive wear\r\n\r\n\r\n2. Abrasive Wear\r\nAbrasive wear, sometimes called cutting wear, occurs when hard particles slide and roll under pressure, across the tooth surface. Hard particle sources are: dirt in the housing, sand or scale from castings, metal wear particles, and particles introduced into housing when filling with lube oil. Scratching is a form of abrasive wear, characterized by short scratch-like lines in the direction of sliding. This type of damage is usually light and can be stopped by removing the contaminants that caused it. Fig. 7 shows abrasive wear of a hardened gear.\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.7\u00a0Abrasive wear of gear.\r\n\r\n\r\nFollowing are few well-known reasons of abrasive wear mechanisms :\r\n- Micro-cutting : sharp particle or hard asperity cuts the softer surface. Cut material is removed as wear debris.\r\n\r\n- Micro-fracture : generally occurs in brittle, e.g. ceramic material. Fracture of the worn surface occurs due to merging of a number of smaller cracks.\r\n\r\n- Micro fatigue : When a ductile material is abraded by a blunt particle\/asperity, the worn surface is repeatedly loaded and unloaded, and failure occurs due to fatigue.\r\n\r\n- Removal of material grains : Happens in materials (i.e. ceramics) having relatively week grain boundaries.\r\n\r\nBasic modes of abrasive wear are classified as two body abrasion and three body abrasion\r\n\r\nTwo \u2013 Body Abrasion :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.8 Two-Body and Three-Body Abrasion\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThis wear mechanism happens between two interacting asperities in physical contact, and one of it is harder than other. Normal load causes penetration of harder asperities into softer surface thus producing plastic deformations. To slide, the material is displaced\/removed from the softer surface by combined action of micro ploughing and micro-cutting.\r\n\r\nThree Body Abrasion :\r\n\r\nThree body abrasion is material removed from softer surface by hard loose particles(Fig. 8), which are free to roll as well as slide over the surface, since they are not held rigidly. The hard particles may be generated locally by oxidation or wear from components of tribological system. Iron oxides wear debris produced during adhesive wear cause further damage due to abrasion. Due to rolling action, abrasive wear constant is lower compared to 2-Body abrasion.\r\nWear rate is lesser in three body abrasion than two body abrasion.\r\n\r\n3. Corrosive Wear\r\n\r\n\u2022 Chemical reaction + Mechanical action = Corrosive wear\r\n\r\nThe fundamental cause of Corrosive wear is a chemical reaction between the material and a corroding medium which can be either a chemical reagent, reactive lubricant or even air.\r\nStages of corrosive wear :\r\n\r\n\u2022 Sliding surfaces chemically interact with environment (humid\/industrial vapor\/acid)\r\n\r\n\u2022 A reaction product (like oxide, chlorides, copper sulphide)\r\n\r\n\u2022 Wearing away of reaction product film\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. 9 \u00a0Passivation of corrosion. Continuous corrosion.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe most corrosion films passivate (Fig. 9) or cease to grow beyond a certain thickness. This is favourable as corrosion process stops its own. But most corrosion films are brittle &amp; porous, and mechanical sliding wears away the film. The formation and subsequent loss of sacrificial (Fig. 9) or short life-time corrosion films is the most common form of corrosive wear.\r\n\r\nSliding surfaces may wear by chemically reacting with the partner surface or the environment, or both. The oxide layers resulting from reactions with the environment are typically 10 microns thick, and they may have a protective role unless the thickness tends to grow during the cyclic contact process. If the oxide layer grows, it becomes liable to break in brittle fracture, producing wear particles. Hard, broken-off oxide particles may then profoundly affect subsequent wear life as abrasive agents. If soft, ductile debris results, it may form a protective layer on the surface.\r\n\r\n4. Fretting Wear\r\n\r\nFretting Wear coined in 1927 by Tomlinson. It refers to small amplitude(1 to 300 \u03bcm), with high frequency oscillatory movement mainly originated by vibration. This generally occurs in mechanical assemblies (press fit parts, rivet \/ bolt joints, strands of wire ropes, rolling element bearings), in which relative sliding on micron level is allowed. It is very difficult to eliminate such movements and the result is fretting. Fretting wear and fretting fatigue are present in almost all machinery and are the cause of total failure of some otherwise robust components.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.10\u00a0Fretting wear\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFretting occurs wherever short amplitude reciprocating sliding between contacting surfaces (Fig. 10) is sustained for a large number of cycles. The centre (Fig. 10) of the contact may remain stationary while the edges reciprocate with an amplitude of the order of 1 micron to cause fretting damage. One of the characteristic features of fretting is that the produced wear debris is often retained within the contact due to small amplitude sliding. The accumulating wear debris gradually separates both surfaces(Fig.11) and, in some cases, may contribute to the acceleration of the wear process by abrasion. The process of fretting wear can be further accelerated by temperature. Reciprocating movements as short as 0.1 micron in amplitude can cause failure of the component when the sliding is maintained for one million cycles or more.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig 11. Process of Fretting wear..\r\n\r\n\r\nSee Also : \u00a0\r\n\u00a0Tribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology\r\n\r\nTribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories\r\n\u00a0\r\nTribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nEngineering Drawing- Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMachine Tool Articles , notes , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles","headline":"Tribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Zerowearofhelicalgear..jpg","height":208,"width":280},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/tribology-2-friction-mechanisms-and/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Amontonswork.-300x123.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Tribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/tribology-2-friction-mechanisms-and/">Tribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Tribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories
Introduction to Friction
Friction is the tangential resistance to motion. The occurrence of friction is a part of everyday life. It is needed so that...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/tribology-2-friction-mechanisms-and/" aria-label="View Post: Tribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Tribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/tribology-2-friction-mechanisms-and\/","articleBody":"Tribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories\r\nIntroduction to Friction\r\nFriction is the tangential resistance to motion. The occurrence of friction is a part of everyday life. It is needed so that we have control on our walking. On the other hand, in most of running machines friction is undesirable (energy loss, leading to wear of vital parts, deteriorating performance due to heat generation) and all sorts of attempts (i.e. using low friction materials, lubricating surfaces with oil or greases, changing design so that sliding can be reduced) have been made to reduce it.\r\n\r\nOften coefficient of friction(\u03bc) is considered a constant value for a pair of material. In addition, the value of \u03bc is accounted much lesser than 1.0.\r\n\r\nWhen assessing a system\u2019s tribology need, we must consider\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0Materials, Coating, Lubricant\u00a0\r\n \t\u00a0Contact Area, Geometry, Stress\r\n \t\u00a0Surface Roughnesses\r\n \t\u00a0Sliding Speed\r\n \t\u00a0Sliding Mode (unidirectional, reciprocating, multi directional)\r\n \t\u00a0Duty Cycle (continuous contact, intermittent contact)\r\n \t\u00a0Environment\r\n \t\u00a0Temperature, Humidity, \u00a0\r\n \t\u00a0Atmosphere (air, exhaust gases, vacuum)\r\n\r\nFriction is NOT a Material Property .Friction is a \u201cSystem\u201d Property.\r\nFrictional resistance has two types :\r\nWhen two objects touches each other- there will produce friction forces between them.\r\n1) Microscopic forces of \u00a0molecular \u00a0Adhesion. \u00a0(includes electrostatic, Van der Waals, metallic \u00a0bonds)\u00a0\r\n\r\n2) Microscopic forces of \u00a0mechanical \u00a0Abrasion.( Deformation) \u00a0[includes elastic and plastic deformation]\r\n\r\nTo understand the effect of material pair, role of lubrication, and environmental factors let us start with dry friction. The dry friction is also known as solid body friction and it means that there is no coherent liquid or gas lubricant film between the two solid body surfaces. Four theories given by Leonardo da Vinci, Amonton, Coulomb and Tomlison for dry lubrication are explained in following paragraph.\r\n\r\nLeonardo da vinci(Earliest experimenter, 1452-1519) :\r\n\r\n \tAs per Leonardo, \u201cFriction made by same weight will be of equal resistance at the beginning of movement, although contact may be of different breadths or length\u201d.\r\n \t\u201cFriction produces the double the amount of effort if weight be doubled\u201d. In other words, F \u03b1 W.\r\n\r\nG.Amontons, 1699 :\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0The friction force is independent of the nominal area (F \u2260 A) of contact between two solid surfaces. The friction force is directly proportional F \u03b1 N to the normal component of the load. He considered three cases(Fig. 1) and showed that friction force will vary as per the angle of application of load. As per Amontons \u03bc = 0.3 for most of materials.\r\n\r\nFig.1\u00a0Amonton`s work.\r\n\r\n\r\nC.A.Coulomb 1781 (1736-1806) :\r\n\r\n\u2022 Clearly distinguished between static &amp; kinetic frictions. Friction due to interlocking of rough surfaces.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Contact at discrete points \u03bcstatic \u2265 \u03bckinetic.\r\nAs per coulomb friction force is independent of sliding speed. But this law applies only approximately to dry surfaces for a reasonable low range of sliding speeds, which depends on heat dissipation capabilities of tribo-pairs.\r\n\r\nTOMLINSON\u2019s Theory of Molecular attraction, 1929 :\r\n\r\nAs per Tomlison due to molecular attraction between metal, cold weld junctions are formed. Generally load on bearing surface is carried on just a few points. These are subjected to heavy unit pressure, and so probably weld together. Adhesion force developed at real area of contact.\r\n\r\nThere are two main friction sources: Adhesion and Deformation. Force needed to plough asperities of harder surface through softer. In lubricated tribo-pair case, friction due to adhesion will be negligible, while for smoother surfaces under light load conditions deformation component of friction will be negligible.\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0Fig. 2 demonstrates the adhesion (cold weld) between two surfaces. Some force, Fa, is required to tear the cold junction. Fig. 3 demonstrates the deformation process. It shows a conical asperity approaching to a softer surface. To move upper surface relative to lower surface some force is required.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Two friction sources : Deformation and Adhesion.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Resulting friction force (F) is sum of two contributing (Fa &amp; Fd) terms.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Lubricated tribo-pair case -- negligible adhesion.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Smoother surfaces under light load conditions \u2013 Negligible deformation.\r\n\r\nAdhesion and Ploughing in Friction:\r\n\r\nThis theory is based on the fact that all surfaces are made of atoms. All atoms attract order one another by attractive force. For examples, if we press steel piece over indium piece (as shown in Fig. 4) they will bind across the region of contact. This process is sometimes called \"cold welding,\" since the surfaces stick together strongly without the application of heat. It requires some force to separate the two surfaces. If we now apply a sideways force to one of surfaces the junctions formed at the regions of real contact will have to be sheared if sliding is to take place. The force to do this is the frictional force.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCold welding in steel and indium\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTheory of ADHESIVE Friction :\r\n\r\nBowden and Tabor developed theory of adhesive friction. As per this theory on application of W, initial contact at some of higher asperity tips occurs. Due to high stress those asperities suffer plastic deformation, which permits strong adhesive bonds among asperities. Such cold formed junctions are responsible for the adhesive friction. The real area of contact, A can be estimated by applied load W and hardness of the soft material, H. If s is shear stress of softer material, then force Fa required to break these bonds can be estimated by Equation Fa = As. The coefficient of friction due to adhesive friction is given by ratio of friction force to applied load W. Fig. 5 shows the formulation and breakage of cold junctions.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Two surfaces are pressed together under load W.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Material deforms until area of contact (A) is sufficient to support load W, A = W\/H.\r\n\r\n\u2022 To move the surface sideway, it must overcome shear strength of junctions with force Fa.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u2022 \u03bc = Fa \u2044 W = s \u2044 H.\r\n\r\nIn other words shear strength(s) and hardness(H) of soft material decides the value of \u03bc. This means whatever properties of the other harder pairing material, \u03bc would not change.\r\n\r\n\r\nSummary of adhesion and ploughing.\r\nFRICTION due to DEFORMATION :\r\n\r\nThis theory is based on the fact that contact between tribo-pairs only occurs at discrete points, where the asperities on one surface touch the other. The slope of asperities governs the friction force. Sharp edges cause more friction compared to rounded edges. Expression for coefficient of friction can be derived based on the ploughing effect. Ploughing occurs when two bodies in contact have different hardness. The asperities on the harder surface may penetrate into the softer surface and produce grooves on it, if there is relative motion.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRefer figure 5\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSummary : Three frictional theories\r\n\r\n\u2022 In first expression it is shown that friction depends on the lowest shear strength of the contact tribo-pair. Reducing shear strength and increasing the hardness reduces the coefficient of friction.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Second expression shows the dependence of coefficient of friction on the angle of conical asperity.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Third expression indicates lesser sensitivity of coefficient of friction compared to that of conical asperity.\u00a0\r\n\r\nNone of these expression provides reliable estimation of coefficient of friction which we observe during laboratory tests. Bowden and tabor improved that theory of adhesion and incorporated the limiting shear stress concept.\r\n\r\nSee Also :\u00a0\r\n\r\nTribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology\r\nTribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories\r\nTribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nMachine Tool Articles , notes , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Tribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Amontonswork.-300x123.jpg","height":123,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/automatic-paint-spraying-pick-and-place/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/AutomaticPaintSprayingPickAndPlaceEquipment-300x167.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Automatic Paint Spraying Pick And Place Equipment</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/automatic-paint-spraying-pick-and-place/">Automatic Paint Spraying Pick And Place Equipment</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Automatic Paint Spraying Pick And Place Equipment  SYNOPSIS
There are many fields in which artificial intelligence (AI) may be related to electrical, mechanical linguistics, psychology and...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/automatic-paint-spraying-pick-and-place/" aria-label="View Post: Automatic Paint Spraying Pick And Place Equipment">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Automatic Paint Spraying Pick And Place Equipment","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/automatic-paint-spraying-pick-and-place\/","articleBody":"Automatic Paint Spraying Pick And Place Equipment\r\n\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\nThere are many fields in which artificial intelligence (AI) may be related to electrical, mechanical\u00a0linguistics,\u00a0psychology and philosophy. In our project, micro-controller is used, which is written with a program based on fuzzy logic algorithm, which turns nozzle head to that direction.\r\nTwo-pneumatic cylinder and solenoid valve are provided. One cylinder is for the up and down movement and another one for the rotary motion. Fuzzy logic algorithm here used is to spray the painting in the particular direction.\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nAI as we know it today is a relative field. Even though some ground work had been laid earlier. AI began during the years of 1940\u2019s and 1950\u2019s.\r\nWhat AI is?\r\nAI is a branch of computer science concerned with the study and creation of computer system that exhibit some form of intelligence. The system that learn new concepts and tasks, system that reason and draw useful conclusion about the world around us. The system that can understand a natural language or perceive and comprehend a visual scene and system that performs other types of feast that require human type of intelligence.\r\nFuzzy logic algorithm is used for performing AI functions. FUZZY is a term that is related to the word vague or not clear forming logical or meaningful functions based on the unclear term is the concept.\r\nWe use this concept for project \u2018SPRAY PAINTING SYSTEM\u2019, with electronic control unit.\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Automatic Paint Spraying Pick And Place Equipment\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\u2022 Low cost intelligent robot\r\n\u2022 Portable in size and Easy transportable\r\n\u2022 Since the project is based on the Micro controller, it is compact and swift and response.\r\n\u2022 No external devices are used here to control it.\r\n\u2022 The medium is air, the operation of the arm movement is fast.\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\u2022 Nozzle adjustment is done by manually\r\n\u2022 This system operated in pneumatics, so we need air tank or compressor\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\n \tIndustrial Application\r\n \tMedium scale painting industries\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nDrilling Machine Projects\r\nSolar Energy , Solar Operated Projects\r\nTheory of Machine Article , Notes , Question and Answer","headline":"Automatic Paint Spraying Pick And Place Equipment","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/AutomaticPaintSprayingPickAndPlaceEquipment-300x167.jpg","height":167,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/automatic-electro-hydraulic-jack-for/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/AUTOMATICELECTRO-HYDRAULICJACKFORFOURWHEELER-300x180.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Automatic Electro-Hydraulic Jack For Light Vehicles</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/automatic-electro-hydraulic-jack-for/">Automatic Electro-Hydraulic Jack For Light Vehicles</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Automatic Electro-Hydraulic Jack For Light Vehicles  SYNOPSIS  This project work titled “AUTOMATIC ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC JACK FOR LIGHT VEHICLE” has been conceived having studied the difficulty...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/automatic-electro-hydraulic-jack-for/" aria-label="View Post: Automatic Electro-Hydraulic Jack For Light Vehicles">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Automatic Electro-Hydraulic Jack For Light Vehicles","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/automatic-electro-hydraulic-jack-for\/","articleBody":"Automatic Electro-Hydraulic Jack For Light Vehicles\r\n\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\r\nThis project work titled \u201cAUTOMATIC ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC JACK FOR LIGHT VEHICLE\u201d has been conceived having studied the difficulty in lifting the any type of light vehicles. Our survey in the regard in several automobile garages, revealed the facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in lifting the vehicles for reconditioning. Now the project has mainly concentrated on this difficulty, and hence a suitable electronic control unit has been designed. Such that the vehicles can be lifted from the floor land without application of any impact force. By pressing the button in the dashboard, the electronic control unit activates the hydraulic jack automatically.\r\nThe fabrication part of it has been considered with almost case for its simplicity and economy, such that this can be accommodated as one of the essential tools on automobile garages.\r\nSee also:FABRICATION OF QUICK LIFTING JACK WITH GEAR ARRANGEMENT\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThis device the automatic electro-hydraulic jack for light vehicle garages has been developed to later the needs of small and medium automobile garages. In most of the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and skilled labors.\r\nIn order to avoid all such disadvantages, this automatic electro-hydraulic Jack has been designed in such a way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force. The operation is made be simple that even any person can handled, by just pressing the button.\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. AUTOMATIC ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC JACK FOR FOUR WHEELER\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING OPERATION\r\n\r\nThe dash pad switch was activated at the time of any breakdown condition. The control signal is given to the solenoid valve, when the button is activated. The same time, the motor is started which is coupled with rotary hydraulic pump. The oil is suctioned from the oil tank and compressed oil goes to the solenoid valve.\r\nThe solenoid valve is activated at the time of dash pad button \u201cON\u201d. The compressed fluid (oil) goes to the hydraulic cylinder. The compressed oil pusses the hydraulic cylinder piston and move forward. The RAM is fixed at the end of the single acting hydraulic cylinder. The piston moves towards the ground and the ram is lifting the vehicle upwards.\r\nThe solenoid valve is deactivated at the time of dash pad button \u201cOFF\u201d. The hydraulic cylinder fluid (oil) goes to the solenoid valve. Then the oil returns back to the oil tank, by the time of deactivating the solenoid valve. Thus the extra oil not required to maintain the oil level in the oil tank.\u00a0\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \tIt requires simple maintenance cares\r\n \tThe moving parts of this system are cooled by the oil itself used. Thus this project does not require any cooling arrangements.\r\n \tThe loaded light vehicles can be easily.\r\n \tChecking and cleaning are easy, because of the main parts are screwed.\r\n \tHandling is easy.\r\n \tManual power not required\r\n \tRepairing is easy.\r\n \tReplacement of parts is easy.\r\n \tMaximum height up to 1.5 feet can be reached.\r\n \tNo Oil wastage.\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n1. Initial cost is high.\r\n2. High maintenance cost.\r\n\u00a0\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\n \tIt is very much useful for Car Owners &amp; Auto-garages. This automatic electro-hydraulic jack is used for lifting the vehicles.\r\n \tThus it can be useful for the following types of vehicles;\r\n\r\n1) MARUTI,\r\n2) AMBASSADOR,\u00a0\r\n3) FIAT,\r\n4) MAHINDRA,\r\n5) TATA\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nHydraulic Jack Projects\r\nCutting , Hacksaw Machine Projects\r\nBest Low Cost Mechanical Projects\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download","headline":"Automatic Electro-Hydraulic Jack For Light Vehicles","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/AUTOMATICELECTRO-HYDRAULICJACKFORFOURWHEELER-300x180.jpg","height":180,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal no-thumb"><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/latest-mechanical-seminar-topics-lis/">Latest Mechanical Seminar Topics List 2015</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>See Also : Other Easy and Interesting Seminar Topics explanation with report by Mechenggs team. :)1.3 Axis Digital Accelerometer
2.3D Solar cells
3.A Hypersonic Hybrid Vehicle
4.Ablative...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/latest-mechanical-seminar-topics-lis/" aria-label="View Post: Latest Mechanical Seminar Topics List 2015">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Latest Mechanical Seminar Topics List 2015","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/latest-mechanical-seminar-topics-lis\/","articleBody":"See Also : Other Easy and Interesting Seminar Topics\u00a0explanation with report\u00a0by Mechenggs team.\u00a0:)1.3 Axis Digital Accelerometer\r\n2.3D Solar cells\r\n3.A Hypersonic Hybrid Vehicle\r\n4.Ablative MAterials\r\n5.acoustic parking system (APS)\r\n6.Active Electrically Controlled Suspension\r\n7.Active Front Lighting System\r\n8.Active roll-over protection system in Automobiles\r\n9.Adaptive air suspension\r\n10.Adaptive Crusie Control\r\n11.ADVANCE IN CAR SAFETY\r\n12.Advance Systems In Two Wheelers\r\n13.Advanced composites\r\n14.Advanced Cooling Systems\r\n15.Advanced Off-set printing\r\n16.Advanced Plastics\r\n17.Advanced Propulsion Methods\r\n18.Advanced Rocket Motors\r\n19.Advances in Gas Turbine\r\n20.AeroCapture\r\n21.Aerodonetics\r\n22.Aerospace Flywheel Development\r\n23.Aerospace Propulsion\r\n24.Aerospikes\r\n25.Agile manufacturing\r\n26.Air Bearings\r\n27.Air Brithing Engine\r\n28.Air Casters\r\n29.Air Cushion Vehicles\r\n30.Air powered cars\r\n31.Air Ship\r\n32.Air Suspension system\r\n33.Air- Augmented Rocket\r\n34.Aircraft design\r\n35.All- wing Technology\r\n36.Aluminium Alloy Conductors\r\n37.Amphibious Army Surveillance Vehicle\r\n38.AN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING AIR FUEL RATIO\r\n39.AN EXPERT SYSTEM-BASED DESIGN OF 3-DOF ROBOT\r\n40.Antimatter -the ultimate energy\r\n41.Antiroll suspension system\r\n42.Applications Of Micro-Controller In Auotomobile\r\n43.Aqua Silencer - A Noise &amp; Emission Controller\r\n44.Aque Fuel\r\n45.ArcJet Rocket\r\n46.Artificial Intelligence In Mechanical Field\r\n47.Aspheric lenses\r\n48.Atkinson cycle engine\r\n49.Automobile AC By Utilizing Waste Heat &amp; Gases\r\n50.Automobile Air Conditioning\r\n51.Automotive Infotainment\r\n52.Autonomous Submarines\r\n53.Babbitt Metal\r\n54.Ball Piston machines\r\n55.Ballistics\r\n56.Benchmarking\r\n57.Bike Of The Future- Pneumatic Bike\r\n58.Bio Diesel\r\n59.Bio-degradable polymers\r\n60.Bio-ethanol As Fuel\r\n61.Biodiesel From Jatropha\r\n62.Biofiltration\r\n63.Biologically inspired robots\r\n64.Biomass As An Alternate Fuel For Diesel Engine\r\n65.Biomechanics\r\n66.Biomechatronic Hand\r\n67.Bioreactors\r\n68.Blended Winged Aircraft\r\n69.Bose suspension system\r\n70.Brake Assisting Systems\r\n71.Brake booster\r\n72.BUSINESS PROCESS RE- ENGINEERING\r\n73.Caged Ball Technology\r\n74.Cam less Engines\r\n75.Carbon Foam-Military Applications\r\n76.Carbon Nanotubes\r\n77.Catalytic Converters\r\n78.Ceramic fastners\r\n79.Ceramic Hybrid Ball Bearing\r\n80.Cleaning Of Metal\r\n81.COAL GASIFICATION\r\n82.Collision warning system\r\n83.Combustion Control Using Optical Fiber\r\n84.Combustion Stability In I.C.Engines\r\n85.Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) Engines\r\n86.Compound Vortex Controlled Combustion\r\n87.Compresed Air Cars Technology\r\n88.Compression Tube fittings\r\n89.Computational Fluid Dynamics\r\n90.Computer Aided Production Engineering (CAPE)\r\n91.Concentrating Solar Power Energy From Mirrors\r\n92.Concept Cars\r\n93.Concept Of Flying Train\r\n94.Concurrent Engineering\r\n95.Conditional monitoring &amp; fault Diagnosis\r\n96.Contactless energy transfer system\r\n97.Continuously Variable Transmission\r\n98.Continuously variable transmission (CVT)\r\n99.Cordless Tools\r\n100.Corrosion resistant gear box\r\n101.Crew Exploration Vechicles\r\n102.Cruise Missile Technology\r\n103.Cryogenic Ball Valves\r\n104.Cryogenic Grinding\r\n105.CRYOGENIC ROCKET ENGINE &amp; THEIR PROPELANTS\r\n106.Crystaline Silicon Solar Cells\r\n107.Cummins Diesel Fuel System\r\n108.Cylinder Deactivation\r\n109.Damage identification in aging aircraft structures with piezoelectric wafer active sensors\r\n110.Data Fusion for Quality Improvements\r\n111.Design of an active car chassis frame incorporating magneto rheological fluid\r\n112.Desktop Manufacturing\r\n113.Diesel Particulate Filter\r\n114.Digital manufacturing\r\n115.Digital Manufacturing Using STEP- NC\r\n116.Direct Injection Process\r\n117.Direct Manufacturing\r\n118.Double-wishbone suspension\r\n119.Drive-By Wire Systems\r\n120.Driver information system (DIS)\r\n121.DurAtomic Process\r\n122.Dynamic Ride Control (DRC)\r\n123.Dynamic shift program (DSP)\r\n124.Dynamics Of Cutting Viscoelastics Materials\r\n125.Dynamics Of Sport Climbing\r\n126.Dynamics of Swing Bowling\r\n127.E-gas\r\n128.Eco-Freiendly Surface Treatments\r\n129.Elecromagnetic Valves\r\n130.Electric Cylinders\r\n131.electric power steering units\r\n132.Electric Rocket Engine\r\n133.Electromagnetic Bomb\r\n134.Electromagnetic Brakes\r\n135.Electromagnetic Clutches\r\n136.Electronic Gasoline Injection\r\n137.Electronic Multipoint Fuel Injection System\r\n138.Electronically Controlled Air Suspension System\r\n139.Electrostatic precipitator\r\n140.Emission Control Techniques\r\n141.Energy saving motors\r\n142.F1 Track Design And Safety\r\n143.Facility Layout Design Using Genetic Algorithm\r\n144.FADEC - Full Authority Digital Engine Control\r\n145.FADEC - Full Authority Digital Engine Control.\r\n146.Floating Power Stations\r\n147.Floating Solar Power Station\r\n148.Flywheel Batteries\r\n149.Fractal Robot\r\n150.Fractal Robots\r\n151.Free Piston Engine\r\n152.Freeform Manufacturing\r\n153.Frictionless Compressor Technology\r\n154.Fuel cell powered Go-Karts\r\n155.Fuel Cells On Aerospace\r\n156.Fuel Energizer\r\n157.Full Colour 3D Modelling Using Rapid Prototyping\r\n158.Fused Deposition Modelling\r\n159.Fuzzy Logic\r\n160.Fuzzy logic in Aircraft stability\r\n161.Gas Hydrates\r\n162.Gasoline Direct Injection\r\n163.GDI (Gasoline direct Injection)\r\n164.Global Positioning System\r\n165.Green Engine\r\n166.Green Factory\r\n167.Green Manufacturing\r\n168.Guided Missile\r\n169.HalBach array\r\n170.Handfree Driving\r\n171.Handheld Radiation detector\r\n172.Harvesting Wave power\r\n173.Heat caps\r\n174.Heat Pipe\r\n175.Heavy duty Gasoline engines\r\n176.Helicopters\r\n177.Hexapod Machine Tool\r\n178.High angle of attack aerodynamics\r\n179.High Performance Heat Sink Based On Screen-Fin Technology\r\n180.High Speed Precise Gear Boxes\r\n181.High speed Propellers\r\n182.High speed Railway coaches\r\n183.High Speed Trains\r\n184.High-Wire car\r\n185.Hologram\r\n186.Hovercrafts\r\n187.HVDC Transmission\r\n188.Hybrid Electric Vehicles\r\n189.Hybrid Motorcycles\r\n190.Hybrid Synergy Drive\r\n191.Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD)\r\n192.Hybrid vehicles\r\n193.Hybrid Wind Electrolysis System\r\n194.Hydraulic railway recovery systems\r\n195.Hydro Drive\r\n196.Hydro Electricity\r\n197.Hydro Jetting\r\n198.Hydrogen Car\r\n199.Hydroplane\r\n200.Hyperplane\r\n201.Hypersonic Space Planes\r\n202.HyperTech Engine\r\n203.Improved efficiency of gas turbine\r\n204.Improving aerodynamic performance of an aerospace vehicle\r\n205.Infrared Curing And Convection Curing\r\n206.Infrared Thermography\r\n207.Intelligent Compact drives\r\n208.Intelligent manufacturing\r\n209.Intelligent Vehicles\r\n210.Intelligent Vehicles and Automated Highways\r\n211.Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)\r\n212.Jelly Filled Telephone Cables\r\n213.Jet Powered Boat\r\n214.Jet Stream windmill\r\n215.Jetex Engine\r\n216.Laod Sensing Hydraulics\r\n217.Latest Trends in Automotive Engg.&amp; Technology\r\n218.Lean Burn Spark Ignition Engine\r\n219.Lean engineering\r\n220.Lean to Steer Concept\r\n221.Lenoir Cycle\r\n222.Light weight material- Carbon fibre\r\n223.Liquid Engineering\r\n224.Liquid Injection Thrust Vectoring\r\n225.Low Gloss ABS system\r\n226.Low inertia dics clutches\r\n227.Machine Vision\r\n228.Magnetic Bearing\r\n229.Magnetic Launching\r\n230.Magnetic Levitation\r\n231.Magnetic Nanocoposites\r\n232.Magnetic refrigeration\r\n233.Magnetic Resonance Imaging\r\n234.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining\r\n235.Marine electric propulsion\r\n236.mass airflow sensor\r\n237.Mass Rapid Transit system (MRTS)\r\n238.Mechanical Model Of The Finger\r\n239.Mechanical torque limitors\r\n240.Mechanical Transmissions\r\n241.Mesotechnology\r\n242.Metal Nanoshells\r\n243.Metamorphic Robots\r\n244.Micro Batteries\r\n245.Micro Gravity\r\n246.Micro Heat Exchangers\r\n247.Micro hydraulics\r\n248.Micro scale regenerative Heat Exchanger\r\n249.Micro\/Meso-scale Manufacturing\r\n250.Microbial Fuel Cells\r\n251.Microcellular Foam Technology\r\n252.Microengines for microprocessors\r\n253.Microfluidics\r\n254.Micromixers\r\n255.MicroTopography\r\n256.Miller Cycle\r\n257.Miller Cycle Gas Engine\r\n258.Modular Gear motor\r\n259.Modular Workstations\r\n260.Molecular Engineering\r\n261.Molecular hinges\r\n262.Molten oxide electrolysis\r\n263.Motors Without\r\n264.Multi Valve Engine\r\n265.Multiple material milling platform\r\n266.Nano in navy\r\n267.Nano Spreader Cooling\r\n268.Nanomaterial\r\n269.Nanomaterial Based Catalyst\r\n270.Nanorobotics\r\n271.Nanoscale Armor\r\n272.New trends in Automobile Design\r\n273.Nono Fluidics\r\n274.Nuclear fuel reprocessing\r\n275.Ocean Thermal Energy\r\n276.Oil Shear brakes\r\n277.Oil well drilling\r\n278.Opto-Electronic Sensor System\r\n279.Orbital Welding\r\n280.Orbital\/Space Mechanics\r\n281.Permanent Magnet Generator\r\n282.Perpetual Motion Machines\r\n283.Pint Sized Power Plants\r\n284.Plastic Welding\r\n285.Polymers castings\r\n286.Porous Burner Technology\r\n287.Portable Power\r\n288.Power Hump\r\n289.Probabilistic design of mechanical components\r\n290.Process Automation Techniques\r\n291.Pulse Detonation Engine\r\n292.Pump Noise level reduction methods\r\n293.Random vibrations\r\n294.Rapid Design for Lean Manufacturing\r\n295.Rapid Re-Usable Tooling\r\n296.Re-Entry Of Space Vehicle\r\n297.Recent Advances in Statistical Quality Control\r\n298.Regenerative braking\r\n299.Regenerative Fuel Cells\r\n300.Research Aircrafts\r\n301.Resistojet Rocket\r\n302.Responsive manufacturing\r\n303.Reusable Launch Vehicles\r\n304.Rheology\r\n305.Risks of Nano Engineered Particles\r\n306.Robot driven cars\r\n307.Robotic roller coasters\r\n308.Robots In Radioactive Environments\r\n309.Rocket Powered Aircraft\r\n310.Roller Pumps\r\n311.Rotating Parallel Grippers\r\n312.Rotating Scroll Power Compressor\r\n313.Scramjet engine\r\n314.Scuderi Split Cycle Engine\r\n315.Sea Power\r\n316.Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)\r\n317.Self Aware Robots\r\n318.Self Extinguishing PVC's\r\n319.Self Healing Spacecrafts\r\n320.Self Monitoring Pneumatic systems\r\n321.Self Repairing Composites\r\n322.Self-Assembly For Nano And Micro Manufacturing\r\n323.Self-Healing Polymer Technology\r\n324.Semi automatic transmission\r\n325.Semi solid Casting\r\n326.Semi-synthetic cutting fluids\r\n327.Sensotronic Brake System\r\n328.Shape Memory Alloys\r\n329.Single Crystal Turbine Aerofoil\r\n330.Six - Stroke Hybrid Engine\r\n331.Six Stroke Engine\r\n332.Six stroke engines\r\n333.Sky Rocket\r\n334.Small Satellites\r\n335.Smart Ammunitions\r\n336.Smart Autoreeling mechanism\r\n337.Smart Bombs\r\n338.Smart combustors\r\n339.Smart Fluids In Automotive Devices\r\n340.Smart material actuators\r\n341.Smart Materials\r\n342.Smart Pnuematics\r\n343.Smart Tire\r\n344.Snake robots\r\n345.Snake Well Drill\r\n346.Solar Power Satellite\r\n347.Space Elevator\r\n348.Space Robotics\r\n349.Space Shuttle\r\n350.Special materials for ultra low temperature applications\r\n351.Stealth Fighter\r\n352.Stealth Radar\r\n353.Stealth Technology\r\n354.Steam Cars\r\n355.Steer- By -Wire\r\n356.Stereoscopic Projection Systems\r\n357.Stirling engine\r\n358.Stratified Charge Engine\r\n359.Super Charging\r\n360.Supercase Hardening process\r\n361.Supercavitation\r\n362.Superconducting Rotating Machines\r\n363.Supply Chain Management\r\n364.Sustainable Engineering\r\n365.Symmetrical All Wheel Drive\r\n366.Synthetic Aperature Radar\r\n367.System Identification and Adaptive Control\r\n368.Technical Development In Car\r\n369.Telematics\r\n370.Tension Control Brake\r\n371.The Atomic Battery\r\n372.The Challenge Of Intelligent Systems\r\n373.The Gyro Machine\r\n374.The Hy-Wire Car\r\n375.Thermal Barrier Coatings\r\n376.Thermal Conductivity Of Poros Material\r\n377.Thermoacoustic Refrigerator\r\n378.Thin Vacuum Conveyors\r\n379.Threadless Couplings\r\n380.Tidal technology\r\n381.Tip Tronic Gear transmission\r\n382.Tool Management System\r\n383.Touch trigger probes\r\n384.Trenchless Technology\r\n385.Tribology Of IC Engine\r\n386.Turbine Technology In Automobile\r\n387.ual Clutch Transmission\r\n388.Ultra Nano Crystallline Diamond\r\n389.Underwater Welding\r\n390.Underwater wind mill\r\n391.Vacuum Braking System\r\n392.Value Engineering\r\n393.Valvetronic Engine Technology\r\n394.Variable compression ratio engine\r\n395.Variable Length Intake Manifold (VLIM)\r\n396.Variable Speed Drives\r\n397.Vehicle Dynamics\r\n398.Vertical Landing and takeoff engine\r\n399.Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK)\r\n400.Virtual Manufacturing System\r\n401.Virtual Reality Visualisation\r\n402.Water Rocket\r\n403.Wind diesel System\r\n404.Wind engineering\r\n405.Wireless factories\r\n406.Written-Pole Technology\r\n\r\nSee Also :\u00a0Other Easy and Interesting Seminar Topics\u00a0explanation with report\u00a0by\u00a0Mechenggs team.","headline":"Latest Mechanical Seminar Topics List 2015","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=330">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=329"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>329</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=330"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>330</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>331</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=332"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>332</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=333"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>333</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=332">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. Read more about this portal or Sachin Thorat click on below button!</p> <button onclick="window.location.href='//m.gunkrazy.com/about-me/';">READ MORE</button></div><section id="custom_html-5" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h2 class="widget-title">Get Dialy Update On Email</h2><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><form style="border:1px solid #ccc;padding:3px;text-align:center;" action="https://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/mailverify" method="post" target="popupwindow" onsubmit="window.open('https://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/mailverify?uri=mechenggnet', 'popupwindow', 'scrollbars=yes,width=550,height=520');return true"><p>Enter your email address:</p><p><input type="text" style="width:140px" name="email"/></p><input type="hidden" value="mechenggnet" name="uri"/><input type="hidden" name="loc" value="en_US"/><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" /><p>Delivered by <a href="https://feedburner.google.com" target="_blank">FeedBurner</a></p></form></div></section><section id="categories-5" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Menu</h2><ul><li class="cat-item cat-item-103"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/automobile-engineering/">Automobile Engineering</a> (209)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-98"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/cad-cam-software/">CAD Design Software</a> (110)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-100"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/career/">Career in Mechanical</a> (57)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-101"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/exam-gate-ies/">Exam &#8211; GATE ,IES</a> (50)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-116"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/fabrication/">Fabrication Guide</a> (92)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-110"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/fluid-power-system/">Hydraulic and Pneumatic System</a> (59)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-115"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/production-management/">Industrial Engineering</a> (103)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-102"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/interview-guide/">Interview Guide</a> (23)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-99"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/machine-design/">Machine Design</a> (106)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-117"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/machine-tools/">Machine Shop</a> (103)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-109"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/manufacturing-engineering/">Manufacturing Technology</a> (154)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-113"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/material-science/">Material Science</a> (42)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-97"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Mechanical Projects Report</a> (652)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-106"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/seminar-topics/">Mechanical Seminar</a> (85)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-107"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/automation-robotics/">Mechatronics</a> (36)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-111"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/measurement-science/">Metrology and Instrumentation</a> (61)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-108"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/power-engineering/">Power Engineering</a> (38)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-112"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-project-list/">Project Lists</a> (73)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-114"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/technical-questions/">Technical Questions</a> (139)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-105"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/theory-of-machine/">Theory Of Machine</a> (36)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-104"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/thermodynamics/">Thermal Engineering</a> (129)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> (1)</li></ul></section></aside></div></div><footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"><div class="inner-wrap footer-option-1"><div class="menu-footer-container"><ul id="footer-menu" class="inner-wrap"><li id="menu-item-11367" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-11350 current_page_item menu-item-11367"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-11368" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11368"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/blog/">Blog</a></li><li id="menu-item-11370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11370"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/about-me/">About</a></li><li id="menu-item-11372" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11372"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/contact-us/">Contact</a></li><li id="menu-item-11369" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-11369"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/privacy/">Privacy</a></li><li id="menu-item-11373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11373"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/terms-and-conditions_77/">Terms</a></li><li id="menu-item-11371" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11371"><a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/advertise/">Advertise</a></li></ul></div><div class="site-info"> &copy; 2026 Copyright Learn Mechanical Engineering</div></div></footer></div> <!--noptimize--><!--email_off--><style type='text/css'>.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:290px;height:32px;border-width:0px;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;background-color:#565656;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new:hover{background-color:#636363;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:14px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:10px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new:hover .mb-text{color:#ffffff;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new{width:90%}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new .mb-text{font-size:11px}}
.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:450px;height:30px;border:1px double #505ac7;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;background-color:#99cc51;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:8px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes{width:90%}.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-9.maxbutton.maxbutton-engineering-drawing-notes{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:550px;height:30px;border:1px ridge #8224e3;border-radius:15px 15px 15px 15px;background-color:#1ac8ce;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-9.maxbutton.maxbutton-engineering-drawing-notes:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-9.maxbutton.maxbutton-engineering-drawing-notes .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:8px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-9.maxbutton.maxbutton-engineering-drawing-notes:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-9.maxbutton.maxbutton-engineering-drawing-notes{width:90%}.maxbutton-9.maxbutton.maxbutton-engineering-drawing-notes .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-22.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-tool-notes{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:480px;height:28px;border:1px solid #505ac7;border-radius:15px 15px 15px 15px;background-color:#ee2;box-shadow:0px 0px 1px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-22.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-tool-notes:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 1px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-22.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-tool-notes .mb-text{color:#545454;font-family:Trebuchet MS;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-22.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-tool-notes:hover .mb-text{color:#27536b;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-22.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-tool-notes{width:90%}.maxbutton-22.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-tool-notes .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:580px;height:30px;border-width:0px;border-radius:18px 18px 18px 18px;background-color:#9871b7;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster:hover{background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Trebuchet MS;font-size:17px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:6px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster{width:90%}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster .mb-text{font-size:13px}}
.maxbutton-11.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-design-notes{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:510px;height:30px;border:1px solid #505ac7;border-radius:15px 15px 15px 15px;background-color:#a7d68f;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-11.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-design-notes:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-11.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-design-notes .mb-text{color:#04566b;font-family:Trebuchet MS;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-11.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-design-notes:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-11.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-design-notes{width:90%}.maxbutton-11.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-design-notes .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:550px;height:28px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;background-color:#4db8c1;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index .mb-text{color:#303030;font-family:Georgia;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index:hover .mb-text{color:#afa746;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index{width:90%}.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-40.maxbutton.maxbutton-drilling-machine-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:400px;height:28px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:8px 8px 8px 8px;background-color:#c7e85c;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-40.maxbutton.maxbutton-drilling-machine-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-40.maxbutton.maxbutton-drilling-machine-projects .mb-text{color:#1e1e1e;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-40.maxbutton.maxbutton-drilling-machine-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-40.maxbutton.maxbutton-drilling-machine-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-40.maxbutton.maxbutton-drilling-machine-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-55.maxbutton.maxbutton-solar-energy-solar-operated-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:400px;height:28px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:8px 8px 8px 8px;background-color:#306026;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-55.maxbutton.maxbutton-solar-energy-solar-operated-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-55.maxbutton.maxbutton-solar-energy-solar-operated-projects .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-55.maxbutton.maxbutton-solar-energy-solar-operated-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-55.maxbutton.maxbutton-solar-energy-solar-operated-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-55.maxbutton.maxbutton-solar-energy-solar-operated-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-8.maxbutton.maxbutton-theory-of-machine-notes{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:500px;height:30px;border:1px groove #ffffff;border-radius:15px 15px 15px 15px;background-color:#d93;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-8.maxbutton.maxbutton-theory-of-machine-notes:hover{border-color:#b8bac6;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-8.maxbutton.maxbutton-theory-of-machine-notes .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:8px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-8.maxbutton.maxbutton-theory-of-machine-notes:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-8.maxbutton.maxbutton-theory-of-machine-notes{width:90%}.maxbutton-8.maxbutton.maxbutton-theory-of-machine-notes .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-44.maxbutton.maxbutton-hydraulic-jack-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:400px;height:28px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:4px 4px 4px 4px;background-color:#bed854;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-44.maxbutton.maxbutton-hydraulic-jack-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-44.maxbutton.maxbutton-hydraulic-jack-projects .mb-text{color:#161616;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-44.maxbutton.maxbutton-hydraulic-jack-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#86933b;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-44.maxbutton.maxbutton-hydraulic-jack-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-44.maxbutton.maxbutton-hydraulic-jack-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-41.maxbutton.maxbutton-cutting-hacksaw-machine-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:400px;height:27px;border:1px solid #505ac7;border-radius:8px 8px 8px 8px;background-color:#ea5d9a;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-41.maxbutton.maxbutton-cutting-hacksaw-machine-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-41.maxbutton.maxbutton-cutting-hacksaw-machine-projects .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-41.maxbutton.maxbutton-cutting-hacksaw-machine-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-41.maxbutton.maxbutton-cutting-hacksaw-machine-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-41.maxbutton.maxbutton-cutting-hacksaw-machine-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-61.maxbutton.maxbutton-best-low-cost-mechanical-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:360px;height:26px;border:1px solid #505ac7;border-radius:8px 8px 8px 8px;background-color:#505ac7;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-61.maxbutton.maxbutton-best-low-cost-mechanical-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-61.maxbutton.maxbutton-best-low-cost-mechanical-projects .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-61.maxbutton.maxbutton-best-low-cost-mechanical-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-61.maxbutton.maxbutton-best-low-cost-mechanical-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-61.maxbutton.maxbutton-best-low-cost-mechanical-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
</style><!--/email_off--><!--/noptimize--> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_e1252650ea6bc63e5b6b533cf9f0380d.php?ver=1.4.1" id="income-school-js-js"></script> <!--noptimize--><script>!function(){window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[],advanced_ads_ready_queue.push=window.advanced_ads_ready;for(var d=0,a=advanced_ads_ready_queue.length;d<a;d++)advanced_ads_ready(advanced_ads_ready_queue[d])}();</script><!--/noptimize--><div style="display: none"></div></body></html>
<!--
Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: https://www.boldgrid.com/w3-total-cache/?utm_source=w3tc&utm_medium=footer_comment&utm_campaign=free_plugin

Page Caching using Disk: Enhanced (Requested URI contains query) 

Served from: m.gunkrazy.com @ 2026-04-22 01:44:18 by W3 Total Cache
-->




