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 Energy plays an important role in the material, social and cultural life of mankind.  The energy needs are increasing day by day.  This is...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-solar-agricultural-water/" aria-label="View Post: Project | Solar Agricultural Water Pumping System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Project | Solar Agricultural Water Pumping System","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/project-solar-agricultural-water\/","articleBody":"SYNOPSIS Of\u00a0Solar Agricultural Water Pumping System\r\n\u00a0Energy plays an important role in the material, social and cultural life of mankind. \u00a0The energy needs are increasing day by day. \u00a0This is the result of population growth and increase in the standard of living which is directly proportional to energy consumption.\r\n\u00a0 As we know that mankind will be never lacking in energy. \u00a0Today, it is liquid fluid, tomorrow it may be uranium with an element of risk. \u00a0Risk exists wherever there is human activity and production of energy. \u00a0Just as the supply of fossil fuel is finite thus there will be the supply of uranium. \u00a0Perhaps, uranium would be exhausted quickly if it is used on a large scale. It is therefore, harnessing the gigantic inexhaustible solar energy source reduces the dependence on fossil fuels.\u00a0\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0For the environmental concerned, the solar energy harnessing system offers advantages in that, it emits no pollutants into the atmosphere as they are with the combustion of fossil fuels. \u00a0Thus, as a long term option solar energy system can be considered as an alternate to all the finite fuel system. \u00a0Therefore, there is no energy shortage today nor will there be in the near future?\r\n\r\nThe lifting of water for drinking or irrigation purposes is of great importance in widely distributed villages with little or no rural electrification and where underground water is available. \u00a0Solar energy is converted to mechanical energy to drive small water pumps it would be of great help to the rural inhibitions.\r\nIn our project we use solar photo voltaic cells for pumping water. \u00a0The photovoltaic modules convert sunlight directly to electricity which is used to run a dc motor pump for bailing of water. \u00a0It consists of solar photovoltaic modules, power conditioner to protect storage batteries from overcharging during non-sun shine and a dc water pump.\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\r\nThe panel is kept under the sun for radiation. \u00a0The photon energy from the sun lights that incident on the top metallic grid causes the electrons in the P-layer and holes in the N-layer to diffuse towards the junction. \u00a0In this process the electrons collected on the N-side and holes collected on the P-side charge these two sides oppositely. \u00a0This develops an open circuit voltage across the two terminals. \u00a0The energy conversion process continues as long as light is incident on the active top surface of the cell.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.Solar Agricultural Water Pumping System\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe power developed by these cells are collected and stored in a battery. \u00a0The power from the battery is sent to the DC motor. \u00a0It runs the pump coupled to it. \u00a0The suction head is connected to the well and discharge head is directed towards the field. \u00a0The water from the well is pumped out and it is used for the domestic or agricultural purpose.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES OF SOLAR WATER PUMP\r\n\r\n\r\n \tEconomical aspect:\r\n \tLeast maintenance cost.\r\n \tNo transportation from long distance\r\n \tNo rent for electricity utilized\u00a0No fuel required for operation\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nTechnical aspect:\r\n\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0No moving parts, thus long life\r\n \t\u00a0Noiseless operation\r\n \t\u00a0No person required to operate the system\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nManufacturing aspect:\r\n\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0Simple in construction, so easy to fabricate\r\n \t\u00a0No heavy materials are used\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nSafety aspect:\r\n\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0Pollution free\r\n \t\u00a0Less chance of accidents\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nLIMITATIONS\r\n\r\n\r\n \tHigh initial installation cost\r\n \tCare should be taken for batteries\r\n \tPower production will be lesser in cloudy days\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nRenewable Energy Sources , Power Generation Projects List - Abstract\r\nSolar Energy , Solar Operated Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )","headline":"Project | Solar Agricultural Water Pumping System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/SolarAgriculturalWaterPumpingSystem-300x173.jpg","height":173,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-design-and-fabrication-of-mini/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/DRAWINGFORDESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFMINIHYDRAULICPRESSMACHINE-300x241.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Project | Design and Fabrication Of Mini Hydraulic Press Machine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-design-and-fabrication-of-mini/">Project | Design and Fabrication Of Mini Hydraulic Press Machine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI HYDRAULIC PRESS MACHINE 
SYNOPSIS
 
Here we are fabricating the model for press operation and it’s known as hydraulic press machine. Hydraulics is a topic in...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-design-and-fabrication-of-mini/" aria-label="View Post: Project | Design and Fabrication Of Mini Hydraulic Press Machine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Project | Design and Fabrication Of Mini Hydraulic Press Machine","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/project-design-and-fabrication-of-mini\/","articleBody":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI HYDRAULIC PRESS MACHINE\u00a0\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\u00a0\r\nHere we are fabricating the model for press operation and it\u2019s known as hydraulic press machine. Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties. In fluid power, hydraulics is used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquids, here our system to making of pressing operation. The hydraulic press depends on Pascal's principle: the pressure throughout a closed system is constant. At one end of the system is a piston with a small cross-sectional area driven by a lever to increase the force. Small-diameter tubing leads to the other end of the system.\r\n\r\nMETHODOLOGY\r\n\u00a0\r\nThis project is designed with\r\n\u2022 Hydraulic bottle cylinder\r\n\u2022 Pressing tool\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\u00a0\r\nHere we are placing the hydraulic bottle cylinder on the based plate, and the pressing tool is fixed in the hydraulic piston rod end. The working table is placed on the top of the supporting frame. It can be adjusted according to the workpiece height by adjusting the lock nuts which is placed at the either side of the work table. The hydraulic bottle cylinder is working with the help of supply of oil from the pumping rod side. Here we have to tighten the pressure relief valve then to start pumping with help of pumping rod by pumping, the oil will supply to push the piston upward direction by this pressing tool will move through it to pressing the workpiece. By the completing the bending process we have to release the pressure relief valve then the piston comes it original position. \u00a0 \u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.\u00a0Design and Fabrication Of Mini Hydraulic Press Machine\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Quite simple\r\n\u2022 Easy maintenance\r\n\u2022 Low cost\u00a0\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Getting very tired when continuous process\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\n\r\n \tUsed in small and large scale industries and cable wire making industries etc..,\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\n\r\nSheet Metal Fabrication Projects\r\nMachine Shop Projects List , Abstract\r\nWater Pump Projects\r\nSimple , Easy mechanical projectsManually Hand Operated projectsAffordable low budget ProjectsMini low cost Projects\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Project | Design and Fabrication Of Mini Hydraulic Press Machine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/DRAWINGFORDESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFMINIHYDRAULICPRESSMACHINE-300x241.jpg","height":241,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-abstract-of-automatic-gear/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/DiagramofAutomaticgearchanging-279x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Project | Abstract Of Automatic Gear Changer</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-abstract-of-automatic-gear/">Project | Abstract Of Automatic Gear Changer</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Project | Abstract Of Automatic Gear Changer
SYNOPSIS  The main purpose of this project is used to automate the gear changing mechanism in vehicles. In this project we are doing the gear changing...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-abstract-of-automatic-gear/" aria-label="View Post: Project | Abstract Of Automatic Gear Changer">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Project | Abstract Of Automatic Gear Changer","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/project-abstract-of-automatic-gear\/","articleBody":"Project | Abstract Of Automatic Gear Changer\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\r\nThe main purpose of this project is used to automate the gear changing mechanism in vehicles. In this project we are doing the gear changing mechanism using with the help of electronic D.C gun. This is very useful for the gear changing mechanism in automobile vehicles. \u00a0\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\r\nIn this project we are fixed the two dc gun in either side of the vehicle pedal for the gear direction movement. The dc gun is fixed on the end of the flat plate. The plate has pivot at the center. The guns are operated by the help of electric supply and it\u2019s controlled by the control unit. The control unit is nothing but the microcontroller is a small chip, its already programmed and feed in the chip for working of our project. The gun working is one for the increase the gear speed and another one is to decrease the gear speed. For the forward motions DC gun one is operated and for the reverse motion DC gun two is operated.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking of Automatic Gear changer In two wheeler\r\n\r\n\r\nMERITS\r\n\r\n \tAutomatic method\r\n \tSystem is helpful for the drivers\r\n \tAvoids fear while driving the vehicle\r\n \tQuick response is achieved\r\n \tSimple in construction\r\n \tEasy to maintain and repair\r\n \tCost of the unit is less\r\n \tContinuous operation is possible without stopping\r\n\r\nAPPLICATION\r\n\r\n \tIt is applicable in all types of two wheeler vehicles\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSee More Projects On automatic gear shifting \u00a0:\r\n1.\u00a0Automatic Gear changer in Two Wheeler with\u00a0pneumatic Cylinder\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0Automatic gear changer By\u00a0D.C. Electronic Gun\u00a0\r\n\r\n3.Automatic elctro-magnetic gear shifting system\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nAutomobile Engineering Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nSheet Metal Fabrication Projects\r\nCutting , Hacksaw Machine Projects","headline":"Project | Abstract Of Automatic Gear Changer","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/DiagramofAutomaticgearchanging-279x300.jpg","height":300,"width":279},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/air-compressor-using-crank-and-slotted-link-mechanis/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/slider-crankmechanism-300x135.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Air Compressor Using Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/air-compressor-using-crank-and-slotted-link-mechanis/">Air Compressor Using Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Air Compressor Using Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism
SYNOPSIS  The objective of this experiment is to investigate the kinematics motion of a Crank and Slotted Lever Quick Return mechanism. The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/air-compressor-using-crank-and-slotted-link-mechanis/" aria-label="View Post: Air Compressor Using Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Air Compressor Using Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/air-compressor-using-crank-and-slotted-link-mechanis\/","articleBody":"Air Compressor Using Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\r\n\r\nThe objective of this experiment is to investigate the kinematics motion of a Crank and Slotted Lever Quick Return mechanism. The investigation is to show that it is indeed a quick return mechanism and to evaluate the increase in efficiency that this would offer if applied to a machine tool.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nDefinition of a Mechanism\r\n\r\nA mechanism is a simplified model, usually in the form of a line diagram, which is used to reproduce the motion occurring in a machine. The purpose of this reproduction is to enable the nature of the machine. The purpose of this reproduction is to enable the nature of the motion to be investigated without the encumbrance of the various solid bodies which form the machine elements The various parts of the mechanism are called links or elements. Where two links are in\r\ncontact and a relative motion is possible, then they are known as a pair. An arbitrary set of a links which form a closed chain that is capable of relative motion, and that can be made into a rigid structure by the addition of a single link, is known as a kinematics chain. To form a mechanism from a kinematics chain one of the links must be fixed. However as any of the links can be fixed, it follows that there are as many mechanism as there are links in the chain. The technique obtaining different mechanism by fixing the various links in turn is known as inversion.\u00a0\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\nKinematics Pairs\r\n\r\nThe relative motion between two links of a pair can take different form. Three types of a pairs are known as lower pairs and these are the frequently occurring ones:Sliding : such as occurs between a piston and a cylinder Turning : such as occurs with a wheel on an axle Screw motion : such as occurs between a nut and a bolt All other cases are considered to be combinations of sliding and rolling are called higher pairs. Strictly screw motion is a higher pair as it combines turning and sliding. Slider \u2013 Crank Mechanism The slider- crank mechanism is well known as the basis of a reciprocating engine. As shown in the diagram below it consists of three turning pairs and one sliding pair\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.\u00a0slider- crank mechanism\r\n\r\n\r\nIn the above diagram, the link 1 is fixed. If we now fix link 2, that is consider an\r\ninversion of the mechanism, we obtain the mechanism shown below. This is known as Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Air Compressor Using Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nDesign and Fabrication projects - Abstract , Report Download\r\nBest Low Cost Mechanical Projects\r\nLathe Machine Projects List , Abstracts\r\nJig and Fixture (Work Holding) Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Air Compressor Using Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/slider-crankmechanism-300x135.jpg","height":135,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/robotics-introduction-and-classification/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/IndustrialRobotroboticarm-300x242.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Robotics | Introduction and classification of robotics</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/robotics-introduction-and-classification/">Robotics | Introduction and classification of robotics</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Robotics | Introduction and classification of robotics
Robots :  [caption id="attachment_2649" align="aligncenter" width="659"] Fig. Industrial Robotic Arm[/caption]  Definition of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/robotics-introduction-and-classification/" aria-label="View Post: Robotics | Introduction and classification of robotics">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Robotics | Introduction and classification of robotics","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/robotics-introduction-and-classification\/","articleBody":"Robotics | Introduction and classification of robotics\r\nRobots :\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Industrial Robotic Arm\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDefinition of Robots.\r\n\r\n \tThe Robot Institute of America (1969) de\ufb01nes robot as \u201c.... a reprogrammable, multi-functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks\u201d.\r\n \tRobot \u2013 An electro-mechanical machine with sensors, electronics and guided by computers.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nAn important part of the automation scene is the area of \u201cRobotics\u201d a multidisciplinary field that involves mechanical, electronics and several other engineering disciplines. Though the ultimate aim is to attempt emulate human activities, something which is extremely difficult to attain, these attempts have resulted in development of robots. These are beneficial in handling hazardous tasks and for operating in hazardous areas like chemical or nuclear plants. Examples of such tasks include plates being x-rayed for inspection of internal cracks and flaws, a routine but hazardous operation.\r\n\r\nWhere complex movements are involved as in welding along a 3D profile, robots can be used for assuring quality and consistency. In assembly operation of precision and tiny parts, like in watches, robots perform with accuracy and repeatability. (The SCARA robot developed in Japan is one such robot specifically suitable for precision assembly tasks.) Painting is hazardous to humans and also complex movements are involved (for example in painting a car body) and in such applications robots may replace human beings.\r\n\r\nRobots have certain inherent capabilities and limitations, just as any other machine or human being does, and these should be borne in mind when attempting to use them in a given application. A lathe is best used for generating cylindrical objects and milling machines are ideal for producing prismatic parts. One would not attempt to use a lathe for manufacture of prismatic parts or a milling machine to produce cylinders. Thus manufacturing processes are chosen to suit the product and conversely, products should be designed to suit the manufacturing process. This philosophy applies to robotics also. One cannot expect a given robot to execute any arbitrary task or handle any product. Some times it may be beneficial to redesign the product to enable robots to handle them with ease. A well known example of designing a product to suit robots is the SONY \u201cWalkman\u201d which has been designed for ease of assembly by robots.\r\n\r\nToday robot finds applications in industries, medical and other fields. For example, in eye surgery (replacement of retina), where a cylindrical portion needs to be replaced, the operation is best done by robots. Mobile robots like walking machines, hopping machines are examples of robots, and so also are robotic aircraft and ships. Nuclear and power plants uses fish like robots which move inside pipes for purpose of inspection\r\n\r\nComputers are required for higher level control of such complex systems. Computers convert higher level commands to lower level commands for purpose of interpreting sensor outputs and controlling motors in these machines. In autonomous robots, operating at remote locations, endurance of power supply (batteries) may be an issue.\r\n\r\nROBOT CLASSIFICATION\r\n\r\n1) Based on \u00a0physical configuration\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a01. Cartesian configuration\r\n\u00a0 2. Cylindrical configuration\r\n\u00a0 3. Polar configuration\r\n\u00a0 4. Joint-arm configuration\r\n\r\n2) Depending on Robot Base\r\n\r\n1. Fixed-\r\nRobots used in manufacturing are examples of fixed robots. They can not move their base away from the work being done.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Example of Fixed robot\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2. Mobile- Mobile bases are typically platforms with wheels or tracks attached.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Example of mobile type robots\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n3) Based on control systems\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1. Point-to-point (PTP) control robot \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\r\nThe PTP robot is capable of moving from one point to another point. \u00a0The locations are recorded in the control memory. \u00a0PTP robots do not control the path to get from one point to the next point.\r\n\r\nCommon applications include:\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n \tComponent insertion\u00a0\r\n \tSpot welding\u00a0\r\n \tHole drilling\r\n \tMachine loading and unloading\r\n \tAssembly operations\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a02. Continuous-path (CP) control robot\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe CP robot is capable of performing movements along the controlled path. With CP from one control, the robot can stop at any specified point along the controlled path.\r\n\r\nAll the points along the path must be stored explicitly in the robot's control memory. Applications Straight-line motion is the simplest example for this type of robot. Some continuous-path controlled robots also have the capability to follow a smooth curve path that has been defined by the programmer. In such cases the programmer manually moves the robot arm through the desired path and the controller unit stores a large number of individual point locations along the path in memory \u00a0(teach-in).\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTypical applications include:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tSpray painting\u00a0\r\n \tFinishing\u00a0\r\n \tGluing\r\n \tArc welding operations\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a03. Controlled-path robot\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn controlled-path robots, the control equipment can generate paths of different geometry such as straight lines, circles, and interpolated curves with a high degree of accuracy. Good accuracy can be obtained at any point along the specified path.\u00a0\r\n\r\nOnly the start and finish points and the path definition function must be stored in the robot's control memory. It is important to mention that all controlled-path robots have a servo capability to correct their path.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Some modern application of robots\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nRobotics and Automation - Notes , articles , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download","headline":"Robotics | Introduction and classification of robotics","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-09","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/IndustrialRobotroboticarm-300x242.jpg","height":242,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/tribology-1-introduction-and-need-of/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Pittingofcamsurface-300x178.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Tribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/tribology-1-introduction-and-need-of/">Tribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Tribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology  Introduction to Tribology  • Tribology is a science that deals with friction, lubrication and wear in all contacting...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/tribology-1-introduction-and-need-of/" aria-label="View Post: Tribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Tribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/tribology-1-introduction-and-need-of\/","articleBody":"Tribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology\r\n\r\nIntroduction to Tribology\r\n\r\n\u2022\u00a0Tribology is a science that deals with friction, lubrication and wear in all contacting pairs.\r\n\u2022\u00a0Tribological knowledge helps to improve service life, safety and reliability of interacting machine components; and yields substantial economic benefits.Few Examples :\r\n\r\n\r\n1)\u00a0Example 1: Cam\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.1\u00a0Pitting of cam surface\r\n\r\n\r\nExample 1 is related pitting wear on the cam surface(as shown in Fig. 1). Cams are used to transmit rotary motion in reciprocating motion. These components are subjected to jerks in sliding distance, which leads to form some pits on the cam surface. Creation of pits on cam surface increases noise pollution and reduces mechanical performance. Understanding the mechanism of pit formation helps to estimate the life of component and find methods to reduce such pitting failures.\r\n2)\u00a0Example 2 : Journal Bearings\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFig 2\u00a0\u00a0Abrasive wear and \u00a0Fig 3 \u00a0Rubbing wear\r\n\r\n\r\nThe following figures(Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) are examples of two journal bearing. Left hand side is photograph of centrally grooved engine journal bearing. It appears that bearing is worn out due to foreign particles. Right hand side is a photograph of an aluminum bearing subjected to heavy load, which causes shaft surface to run over bearing inner surface. In these examples of journal bearing, wear increases the clearance between shaft and bearing and leads to reduction in load support capacity of the bearing. Often such failures occur in absence of sufficient lubricant hydrodynamic film thickness due to relatively low speed. Learning tribology cultivates an understanding that at low speeds, the main purpose of oil is the lubrication and high viscosity oil will be preferred to low viscosity oil, while at high speeds the major purpose of oil is to act as a coolant and low viscosity lubricants are preferred to carry away frictional heat of operation. Here lubrication is a secondary consideration.\r\n3) Example 3: Gear\r\nFig 4.\u00a0Gear teeth removed from gear.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\nA pit on the surface of gear tooth is shown in Fig. 4. The pit generally occurs due to excessive contact stress. Understanding the effect of contact stress helps in developing an equation for estimation of perspective gear life.\r\n\r\nFig 5.\u00a0Pits on gear teeth.\r\n\r\nStudies of fluid film bearings, rolling element bearings, seals, gears, cams, and brakes are some of the applications in which tribology is required.\r\n\r\nBasic knowledge gained by Tribology course is very useful for industries related to power, steel, cement, oil etc. Practicing such knowledge in problems ranging from house hold appliances to large size ships earns great economic benefits. Therefore tribology course is often named as : \u201cIndustrial Tribology\u201d, \u201cApplied Tribology\u201d.\r\nNeed of Tribology as subject :\r\n\u2022 Friction, wear and lubrication have been taught in many science and engineering classes at a rudimentary level. It means empirically derived trends (friction force is proportional to loading force, static friction is greater than kinetic friction, viscous friction in a fluid is proportional to the normal contact force, etc.) are often used as the only predictive tools available. These approaches have the drawbacks of being predictive only over a limited range of parameters. Since the under-laying physical mechanisms are not well understood, often one does not even know which are the important parameters or over what range the observed trends are valid. This poor predictive power has led the field of tribology being perceived in many scientific quarters.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Most tribological phenomena are inherently complicated and interconnected, making it necessary to understand the concepts of TRIBOLOGY in details.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Integration of knowledge from multifaceted disciplines(solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, material science, chemistry etc) is essential and therefore a separate subject is required.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Solid Mechanics: Focus is on expressions of contact stresses\/deformations and surface temperatures due to rolling\/sliding.\r\n\r\nFig 6. Material science and chemistry.\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2022 Fluid Mechanics: Study of lubricant film formed between various geometric shapes of rolling\/sliding surfaces.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Material Science: Focus is on atomic and micro scales mechanisms whereby solid surface degradation or alteration occurs during relative motion.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Chemistry: Deals with reactivity between lubricants and solid surfaces.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Thermodynamics: Heat and mass transfer in fluids and bounding solids.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSee Also :\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nTribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology\r\n\r\nTribology | 2. Friction Mechanisms and Theories\r\n\u00a0\r\nTribology | 3. Introduction of Wear and Wear Mechanism\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMachine Science Notes , article , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles","headline":"Tribology | 1. Introduction and Need of Tribology","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-02-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Pittingofcamsurface-300x178.jpg","height":178,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=329">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=328"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>328</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=329"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>329</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>330</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=331"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>331</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=332"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>332</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=331">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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