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systems?  Because every firm has their own production type.   Production systems can be categorised into...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/types-of-production-systems/" aria-label="View Post: Types of production systems">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types of production systems","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-production-systems\/","articleBody":"Types of production systems\r\n\r\nInterviwer may ask about what are the types of production systems?\u00a0 Because every firm has their own production type.\u00a0\r\n\r\nProduction systems can be categorised into four types\u00a0\r\n\r\n1. Continuous flow type production system. \r\n\r\nThe example of continuous type of production system are : chemical plants, oil refiners, etc\u00a0\r\n\r\n2. Mass production system\r\n\r\nIn mass production components are produced in large quantities and minimal variety. The mass production system is product layout. The example of mass production system are : manufacturing of nut and bolts, and springs. The mass production system utilize automated transfer lines, which are highly efficient in production of large quantities of a fixed product.\u00a0\r\n\r\n3. Batch production system.\r\n\r\nIn batch production inon system, the components are produced in medium quantities and medium variety. The examples of batch production system are :manufacturing of marine engines, vehicles, clothes, etc. The batch production systems utilize flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). Flexible manufacturing system is a machine cell, consisting of a group of per processing workstations interconnected by an automated material handling and storage systems. The setup q is computer controlled and can be programed as per the process sequence requirement of the particular batch of components.\u00a0\r\n\r\n4. Job production system.\r\n\r\nIn job production system the components are produced in low quantities, based on the order \r\nThe minimum lot size can be one unit. The examples of job production system are: manufactoring of jigs,fixture, dies, etc.\u00a0 The job production system uses stand alone machine including\u00a0 CNC machines,which are highly flexible and can accommodate huge product varieties. The drawbacks are low production rate and large setup time.\u00a0\r\n\r\nComparison of Production systems:\r\nThe four types of production systems can be distinguished in terms of production quantity and product variety ( flexibility) as shown in fig\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\ncomparison between production systems\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nHeat Transfer Notes , Article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Types of production systems","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-03-20","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/types2520of2520production2520systems-300x216.jpg","height":216,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-self-inflating-tyres-ppt-and/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/selfinflatingtyresseminarreport-276x300.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Self  inflating  tyres -PPT and Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-self-inflating-tyres-ppt-and/">Seminar On Self  inflating  tyres -PPT and Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Self inflating tyres -PPT and Report Download
Abstract
 
Self inflating tyre system is an automatic mechanism for maintaining proper level of pressure inside the vehicle tyres.Or in...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-self-inflating-tyres-ppt-and/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Self  inflating  tyres -PPT and Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Self  inflating  tyres -PPT and Report Download","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-self-inflating-tyres-ppt-and\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Self inflating tyres -PPT and Report Download\r\nAbstract\r\n\u00a0\r\nSelf inflating tyre system is an automatic mechanism for maintaining proper level of pressure inside the vehicle tyres.Or in other words it is an automatic inflation or deflation system used in tyres.This system reduces the wear of the tread of the tyre and increases driving comfort. It also increases fuel efficiency and ensures safe driving.The main self inflating systems used are CTIS and TMS systems.\r\n\r\n\r\nSelf-inflating Systems\r\n\r\n\r\nTyre-inflation systems have three general goals:\r\n\r\n \tDetect when the air pressure in a particular tyre has dropped - This means they have to constantly (or intermittently) monitor the air pressure in each tyre.\r\n \tNotify the driver of the problem\r\n \tInflate that tyre back to the proper level - This means there has to be an air supply as well as a check valve that opens only when needed.\r\n \tParts of Any Self-inflating System\r\n\r\nWhile the available tyre inflation systems vary in design, they share some common elements.\r\n\r\n \tThey all use some type of valve to isolate individual tyres to prevent airflow from all tyres when one is being checked or inflated.\r\n \tThey have a method for sensing the tyre pressures. This is addressed in most cases with central sensors that relay information to an electronic control unit and then to the driver.\r\n \t\u00a0They have an air source, which is usually an existing inboard source such as braking or pneumatic systems. When using an existing system, however, they have to ensure that they don't jeopardize its original function. For this reason, there are safety checks to ensure that there is enough air pressure for the source's primary use before pulling air for tyre inflation.\r\n \tThere has to be a way to get the air from the air source to the tyres, which is usually through the axle. Systems either use a sealed-hub axle with a hose from the hub to the tyre valve or else they run tubes through the axle with the axle acting as a conduit.\r\n \tThere has to be a pressure relief vent to vent air from the tyre without risking damage to the hub or rear-axle seals\r\n\r\n\r\nCentral Tyre Inflation System (CTIS)\r\n\r\n\r\nThe idea behind the CTIS is to provide control over the air pressure in each tyre as a way to improve performance on different surfaces. For example, lowering the air pressure in a tyre creates a larger area of contact between the tyre and the ground and makes driving on softer ground much easier. It also does less damage to the surface. This is important on work sites and in agricultural fields. By giving the driver direct control over the air pressure in each tyre, maneuverability is greatly improved.\r\n\r\n\r\nAnother function of the CTIS is to maintain pressure in the tyres if there is a slow leak or puncture. In this case, the system controls inflation automatically based on the selected pressure the driver has set.\r\n\r\n\r\nThere are two main manufacturers of the CTIS: U.S.-based Dana Corporation and France-based Syegon (a division of GIAT). Dana Corporation has two versions, the CTIS for military use (developed by PSI) and the Tyre Pressure Control System (TPCS) for commercial, heavy machinery use. In the next section, we'll take a look at the inner workings of a basic CTIS setup.\r\n\r\n\r\nHere is a look at the overall system:\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nself inflating tyres seminar report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA wheel valve is located at each wheel end. For dual wheels, the valves are typically connected only to the outer wheel so the pressure between the two tyres can be balanced. Part of the wheel valve's job is to isolate the tyre from the system when it's not in use in order to let the pressure off of the seal and extend its life. The wheel valve also enables on-demand inflation and deflation of the tyres\r\n\r\nAn electronic control unit (ECU) mounted behind the passenger seat is the brain of the system. It processes driver commands, monitors all signals throughout the system and tells the system to check tyre pressures every 10 minutes to make sure the selected pressure is being maintained.\r\n\r\nThe ECU sends commands to the pneumatic control unit, which directly controls the wheel valves and air system. The pneumatic control unit also contains a sensor that transmits tyre-pressure readings to the ECU.\r\n\r\nAn operator control panel allows the driver to select tyre-pressure modes to match current conditions. This dash-mounted panel displays current tyre pressures, selected modes and system status. When the driver selects a tyre-pressure setting, signals from the control panel travel to the electronic control unit to the pneumatic control unit to the wheel valves. When vehicles are moving faster (like on a highway), tyre pressure should be higher to prevent tyre damage. The CTIS includes a speed sensor that sends vehicle speed information to the electronic control unit. If the vehicle continues moving at a higher speed for a set period of time, the system automatically inflates the tyres to an appropriate pressure for that speed.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThis type of system uses air from the same compressor that supplies air to the brakes. A pressure switch makes sure the brake system gets priority, preventing the CTIS from taking air from the supply tank until the brake system is fully charged.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Project On Self \u00a0inflating \u00a0tyres\u00a0 \r\n\r\nSee Also :\r\n\r\nDesign and Fabrication of Automatic Tyre Inflation System-Mechanical Project\r\n\r\nTYRE INFLATION &amp; DEFLATION SYSTEM FOR FOUR WHEELER\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ntyre inflation system model mechanical project\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload :\r\n1) Self Inflating tyres- Full report.doc -393 kb\r\n\r\n2) Self Inflating tyres- PPT presentation\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\n\r\nAutomobile Engineering Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nPower and Electricity Generation Projects\r\nPneumatic or Air operated projects\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Seminar On Self  inflating  tyres -PPT and Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-03-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/selfinflatingtyresseminarreport-276x300.png","height":300,"width":276},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-green-engine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Green-Engine-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Green Engine report download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-green-engine/">Seminar On Green Engine report download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>ABSTRACT
The green engine is one of the most interesting discoveries of the new
millennium. It has got some unique features that were used for the first
time in the making of engines. This engine...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-green-engine/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Green Engine report download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Green Engine report download","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-green-engine\/","articleBody":"ABSTRACT\r\nThe green engine is one of the most interesting discoveries of the new\r\nmillennium. It has got some unique features that were used for the first\r\ntime in the making of engines. This engine is a piston less one with\r\nfeatures like sequential variable compression ratio, direct air intake,\r\ndirect fuel injection, multi-fuel usage etc. The efficiency of this\r\nengine is high when compared to the contemporary engines and also the\r\nexhaust emissions are near zero. The significance of the engine lies in\r\nthe efficiency when the present world conditions of limited resources\r\nof energy are considered. Prototypes of the engine have been developed.\r\nGenerators have been produced with the green engine.\r\n\r\nCONSTRUCTION AND WORKING\r\nAs earlier mentioned, the Green engine is a six phase, internal\r\ncombustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. The term phase is\r\nused instead of stroke because stroke is actually associated to the\r\nmovement of the piston. The traveling of the piston from bottom dead\r\ncentre to the top dead centre or vice versa is termed a stroke. But, in\r\nthis engine pistons are absent and hence, the term phase is used. The\r\nsix phases are: intake, compression, mixing, combustion, power and\r\nexhaust.\r\nThe engine comprises a set of vanes, a pair of rotors which houses a\r\nnumber of small pot-like containers. It is here, in these small\r\ncontainers that compression, mixing, combustion are carried out. The\r\nengine also contains two air intake ports, and a pair of fuel injectors\r\nand spark plugs. The spark plugs are connected in such a system so as to\r\ndeactivate them, when a fuel which does not need sparks for ignition is\r\nused. The rotor is made of high heat resistance and low expansion rate\r\nmaterial such as ceramic. Whereas, the metal used is an alloy of steel,\r\naluminium and chromium.\r\nEven though the engine is of symmetric shape, the vanes traverse an\r\nunsymmetrical or uneven boundary. This shape cannot be compromised as\r\nthis a result of the path taken by the intake and exhaust air. This\r\nuneven boundary is covered by the vanes in a very unique fashion. The\r\nvanes are made in such a way that it comprises of two parts: one going\r\ninside a hollow one. At the bottom of the hollow vane is a compressive\r\nspring. On top of this spring is mounted the other part of the vane.\r\nNow, let us come to the working of the engine.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ngreen engine \r\n\r\n\r\n1 Intake\r\nThe air arrives to the engine through the direct air intake port in the\r\nabsence of an air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves on the air\r\nintake system. A duct is provided on the sides of the vane and rotor.\r\nThe duct is so shaped that when the air moves through, strong swirls\r\ngenerate when it gets compressed in the chamber. The air pushes the vane\r\nblades which in turn impart a proportionate rotation in the small rotor\r\nwhich houses the chambers. The inlet air duct ends with a very narrow\r\nopening to the chamber.\r\n2 Compression\r\nThe rushing air from the duct is pushed by the blades into the small\r\nchambers in the rotor. The volume of these chambers is comparatively\r\nvery small. Naturally, the compression obtained by such a procedure is\r\nvery satisfactory. As earlier mentioned, the compressed air is in a\r\nswirling state, ready to be mixed with the fuel which will be injected\r\ninto the chamber when it will be place before the injector by the\r\nalready rotating rotor.\r\n3 Mixing\r\nAs soon as the chamber comes in front of the fuel injector, the\r\ninjector sprays fuel into the compressed air. Because of the shape of\r\nthe chamber, the fuel mixes well with the compressed air. The importance\r\nof ideal mixing leads to deletion of CO emission. And also because of\r\nthe strong swirling, a centrifugal effect is exerted in the air-fuel\r\nmixture. Moreover, the rotation of the burner, makes this centrifugal\r\neffect all the more effective. Mixing phase has enough time to produce\r\nan ideal air-fuel mixture as the spark plug is positioned towards the\r\nother end of the rotor or burner.\r\n4 Combustion\r\nAs the chamber rotates towards the end of its path, it is positioned\r\nbefore the spark plug. A spark flies from the plug into the air-fuel\r\nmixture. Because of the mixing phase, the air-fuel mixture is denser\r\nnear the spark plug, thereby, enabling lean-burning of the charge and\r\nalso a uniform flame front. As soon as the whole charge is ignited, the\r\nburner rotates to position itself in front of the narrow exit.\r\n5 Power\r\nThe expanded gas rushes out of the chamber through the narrow opening,\r\nthereby pushing the name in the process. The sudden increase in volume\r\nensures that more power is released. Or in other words, the thermal\r\nenergy is fully utilized.\r\n6 Exhaust\r\nAs the thermal energy is fully utilized, the exhaust gases bring along\r\ncomparatively less heat energy. This mainly helps in the thermal\r\nefficiency of the engine. It raises the engine\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s thermal efficiency\r\nand also because of the complete burning of the charge, poisonous gases\r\nlike CO are absent in the exhaust emissions.ADVANTAGES Of Green Engine\r\nAs obvious from the technical features which include effective\r\ninnovations, the advantages of the Green engine over the contemporary\r\npiston engines are many.\r\n1 Small Size and Light Weight\r\nAs Green engine is very compact with multi-power pulses, the size and\r\nweight could be 1\/5 to 1\/10 of the conventional piston engines on same\r\noutput. Its power to weight ratio could be more than 2 hp per pound\r\nwithout supercharge or turbo charge.\r\n2 Limited Parts\r\nThere are only some dozens of parts easy to be manufactured in the engine structure.\r\n3 High Efficiency\r\nBecause many great innovations are being employed in the engine design\r\nsuch as: direct air intake, sequential variable compression ratio, super\r\nmixing process, constant volume combustion, controllable combustion\r\ntime, high working temperature of the burner, high expansion ratio and\r\nself adapting sealing system etc., the thermal efficiency of the engine\r\ncould be potentially as high as 65 %, even more if water add-in\r\ntechnology is to be considered.\r\n\r\n4 Multi-fuels\r\nDue to six phases of working principle, super air fuel mixing process\r\nand constant volume combustion with controllable time, the Green engine\r\nbecomes the only real multi-fuel engine on our planet; any liquid or gas\r\nfuels can be burnt well. Also it would be ideal to coal powder if\r\nspecial anti-wearing material is employed.\r\n5 Near-zero Emissions\r\nWith perfect air-fuel mixture, complete combustion under lower peak\r\ntemperature and free of quenching effect, the emission of CO, HC and\r\nNOx could be near zero, thereby, a catalytic converter could be not\r\nrequired at all.\r\n6 Smooth Operation\r\nDue to inherence of good dynamic and static balance the performance of the Green engine is as smooth as an electric motor.\r\n7 Fast Accelerating Response\r\nDirect injection, little rotating inertia and deleted reciprocating\r\nmotion can characterize the Green engine with operating at a very fast\r\naccelerating response.\r\n\r\n5. CONCLUSION\r\nThe Green engine\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s prototypes have been recently developed, and also\r\nbecause of the unique design, limitations have not been determined to\r\nany extent.Download Report:Seminar On Green Engine report download\u00a0","headline":"Seminar On Green Engine report download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-03-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Green-Engine-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-four-wheel-steering-syste/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/SeminarOnFourwheelsteeringsystem-300x227.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Four wheel steering system</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-four-wheel-steering-syste/">Seminar On Four wheel steering system</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Four wheel steering system  Four-wheel steering, 4WS, also called rear-wheel steering or all-wheel steering, provides a means to actively steer the rear wheels during turning maneuvers....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-four-wheel-steering-syste/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Four wheel steering system">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Four wheel steering system","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-four-wheel-steering-syste\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Four wheel steering system\r\n\r\nFour-wheel steering, 4WS, also called rear-wheel steering or all-wheel steering, provides a means to actively steer the rear wheels during turning maneuvers. It should not be confused with four-wheel drive in which all four wheels of a vehicle are powered. It improves handling and helps the vehicle make tighter turns. Production-built cars tend to understeer or, in few instances, oversteer. If a car could automatically compensate for an understeer \/oversteer problem, the driver would enjoy nearly neutral steering under varying conditions. 4WS is a serious effort on the part of automotive design engineers to provide near-neutral steering.\u00a0 The front wheels do most of the steering. Rear wheel turning is generally limited to half during an opposite direction turn. When both the front and rear wheels steer toward the same direction, they are said to be in-phase and this produces a kind of sideways movement of the car at low speeds. When the front and rear wheels are steered in opposite direction, this is called anti-phase, counter-phase or opposite-phase and it produces a sharper, tighter turn.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Four wheel steering system\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES OF 4WS\r\n\r\n\r\n1. The vehicle\u201fs cornering behavior becomes more stable and controllable at high speeds as well as on wet or slippery road surfaces.\u00a0\r\n\r\n2. The vehicle\u201fs response to steering input becomes quicker and more precise throughout the vehicle\u201fs entire speed range.\u00a0\r\n\r\n3. The vehicle\u201fs straight-line stability at high speeds is improved. Negative effects of road irregularities and crosswinds on the vehicle\u201fs stability are minimized. \u00a0\r\n\r\n4. Stability in lane changing at high speeds is improved. The vehicle is less likely to go into a spin even in situations in which the driver must make a sudden and relatively large change of direction.\u00a0\r\n\r\n5. By steering the rear wheels in the direction opposite the front wheels at low speeds, the vehicle\u201fs turning circle is greatly reduced. Therefore, vehicle maneuvering on narrow roads and during parking becomes easier. \r\nDOWNLOAD:\r\nSeminar Report On Four wheel steering system PPT Presentation\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nWater Pump Projects\r\nAutomobile Engineering Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nSolar Energy , Solar Operated Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )","headline":"Seminar On Four wheel steering system","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-03-17","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/SeminarOnFourwheelsteeringsystem-300x227.jpg","height":227,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-on-pneumatic-sheet-meta/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PROJECTONPNEUMATICSHEETMETALCUTTINGMACHINE-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to PROJECT ON PNEUMATIC SHEET METAL CUTTING MACHINE</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-on-pneumatic-sheet-meta/">PROJECT ON PNEUMATIC SHEET METAL CUTTING MACHINE</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>PROJECT ON PNEUMATIC SHEET METAL CUTTING MACHINE
ABSTRACT  We are using scissors for simple sheet metal cutting. It is a manual method so that sheet metals are to be wasted sometime because of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/project-on-pneumatic-sheet-meta/" aria-label="View Post: PROJECT ON PNEUMATIC SHEET METAL CUTTING MACHINE">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"PROJECT ON PNEUMATIC SHEET METAL CUTTING MACHINE","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/project-on-pneumatic-sheet-meta\/","articleBody":"PROJECT ON PNEUMATIC SHEET METAL CUTTING MACHINE\r\nABSTRACT\r\n\r\nWe are using scissors for simple sheet metal cutting. It is a manual method so that sheet metals are to be wasted sometime because of mistakes happened such as wrong dimensions etc., and also even a simple cutting may take long time.Hydraulic machines are also available for sheet metal cutting. But this method is used for only heavy metal cutting and its cost is very high.We are using a pneumatic system for sheet metal cutting in a easy way. It is operated by a pneumatic hand lever of two way control valve.Control valve is operated by a compressor.\r\n\r\n\u00a0COMPONENTS USED\r\n\r\n \t\r\nDouble acting cylinder\r\n\r\n\r\n \t\r\nPneumatic hand operated valve\r\n\r\n\r\n \t\r\nHigh speed steel blade\r\n\r\nSPECIFICATIONS\r\n\r\nPNEUMATIC\r\nCYLINDER\r\nStroke\r\nlength = 150mm\r\nDiameter = 50mm\r\nPressure = 10bar\r\n\r\nSHEET CUTTER =\r\n8inch\r\n\r\n\u00a0Working Of Sheet metal Cutter\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n project on pneumatic sheet metal cutting machine\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nThe pneumatic machine includes a table with support arms to hold the sheet, stops or guides to secure the sheet, upper and lower straight - edge blades, a gauging device to precisely position the sheet. The table also includes the two way directional valve. The two way directional valve is connected to the compressor. The compressor has a piston for a movable member. The piston is connected to a crankshaft, which is in turn connected to a prime mover (electricmotor, internal combustion engine). At inlet and outlet ports, valves allow air toenter and exit the chamber. When the compressor is switched ON, the compressed air is flow to inlet of the pneumatic cylinder.\r\n\r\nThe sheet is placed between the upper and the lower blade. The lower blade remains stationary while the upper blade is forced downward.\r\nThe upper blade is slightly offset from the lower blade, approximately 5 \u2013 10% of the sheet thickness. Also the upper blade is usually angled so that the cut progresses from one end to the other, thus reducing the required force.\r\n\r\nWhen the pneumatic hand operated lever is moved forward, the piston starts moving in the forward direction. The upper blade which are then forced against the sheet, cutting the material. When the pneumatic hand operated lever is moved backward, the upper blade will come to the original position (i.e., the upper blade will move upwards).\r\nAfter the material is cut, adjust the pneumatic hand lever to the mid position (i.e., normal position) and then the compressor is switched OFF.\r\n\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\nSheet metals are used in\r\n\r\n \t\r\nCar bodies\r\n \t\r\nAirplane wings\r\n \t\r\nMedical tables\r\n \t\r\nRoofs for buildings (Architectural) and many other things\r\n \t\r\nSheet metal of iron and other materials with high magnetic permeability, also known as laminated steel cores, has applications in transformers and electric machines.\r\n \t\r\nHistorically, an important use of sheet metal was in plate armor worn by cavalry, and sheet metal continues to have many decorative uses, including in horse tack.\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \t\r\nLow cost\r\n \t\r\nLess consumption of\r\ntime\r\n \t\r\nEasy to handle\r\n \t\r\nSkilled labor is\r\nnot required\r\n \t\r\nLess maintenance\r\n \t\r\nHigh accuracy\r\n \t\r\nGood surface finish\r\n \t\r\nLess floor space\r\n\r\nDownload:\r\n\u00a0PROJECT REPORT ON PNEUMATIC SHEET METAL CUTTING MACHINE\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nSheet Metal Fabrication Projects\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nRobotic and automation projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"PROJECT ON PNEUMATIC SHEET METAL CUTTING MACHINE","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-03-17","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/PROJECTONPNEUMATICSHEETMETALCUTTINGMACHINE-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/what-are-casting-defects/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/castingdefects-300x258.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What are the Casting Defects ?</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/what-are-casting-defects/">What are the Casting Defects ?</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Introduction to Casting Defects 
&nbsp;
The following are the major defects, which are likely to occur in sand castings       Gas defects
      Shrinkage cavities
      Molding...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/what-are-casting-defects/" aria-label="View Post: What are the Casting Defects ?">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What are the Casting Defects ?","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/what-are-casting-defects\/","articleBody":"Introduction to Casting Defects \r\n&nbsp;\r\nThe following are the major defects, which are likely to occur in sand castings\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gas defects\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shrinkage cavities\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Molding material defects\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pouring metal defects\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mold shift\r\n\r\nFig Casting Defects\r\n\r\nGas Defects\r\nA condition existing in a casting caused by the trapping of gas in the molten metal or by mold gases evolved during the pouring of the casting. The defects in this category can be classified into blowholes and pinhole porosity. Blowholes are spherical or elongated cavities present in the casting on the surface or inside the casting. Pinhole porosity occurs due to the dissolution of hydrogen gas, which gets entrapped during heating of molten metal.\u00a0\r\n\r\nCauses\r\n\r\nThe lower gas-passing tendency of the mold, which may be due to lower venting, lower permeability of the mold or improper design of the casting. The lower permeability is caused by finer grain size of the sand, high percentage of clay in mold mixture, and excessive moisture present in the mold.\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Metal contains gas\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mold is too hot\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poor mold burnout\r\n\r\nShrinkage Cavities\r\n\r\nThese are caused by liquid shrinkage occurring during the solidification of the casting. To compensate for this, proper feeding of liquid metal is required. For this reason risers are placed at the appropriate places in the mold. Sprues may be too thin, too long or not attached in the proper location, causing shrinkage cavities. It is recommended to use thick sprues to avoid shrinkage cavities.\u00a0\r\n\r\nMolding Material Defects\r\n\r\nThe defects in this category are cuts and washes, metal penetration, fusion, and swell.\r\n\r\nCut and washes\r\n\r\nThese appear as rough spots and areas of excess metal, and are caused by erosion of molding sand by the flowing metal. This is caused by the molding sand not having enough strength and the molten metal flowing at high velocity. The former can be taken care of by the proper choice of molding sand and the latter can be overcome by the proper design of the gating system.\r\n\r\nMetal penetration\r\n\r\nWhen molten metal enters into the gaps between sand grains, the result is a rough casting surface. This occurs because the sand is coarse or no mold wash was applied on the surface of the mold. The coarser the sand grains more the metal penetration.\u00a0\r\n\r\nFusion \r\n\r\nThis is caused by the fusion of the sand grains with the molten metal, giving a brittle, glassy appearance on the casting surface. The main reason for this is that the clay or the sand particles are of lower refractoriness or that the pouring temperature is too high.\r\n\r\nSwell\r\n\r\nUnder the influence of metallostatic forces, the mold wall may move back causing a swell in the dimension of the casting. A proper ramming of the mold will correct this defect.\r\n\r\nInclusions\r\n\r\nParticles of slag, refractory materials, sand or deoxidation products are trapped in the casting during pouring solidification. The provision of choke in the gating system and the pouring basin at the top of the mold can prevent this defect.\u00a0\r\n\r\nPouring Metal Defects\r\n\r\nThe likely defects in this category are\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mis-runs and\r\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cold shuts.\r\n\r\nA mis-run is caused when the metal is unable to fill the mold cavity completely and thus leaves unfilled cavities. A mis-run results when the metal is too cold to flow to the extremities of the mold cavity before freezing.\u00a0 Long, thin sections are subject to this defect and should be avoided in casting design.\r\n\r\nA cold shut is caused when two streams while meeting in the mold cavity, do not fuse together properly thus forming a discontinuity in the casting. When the molten metal is poured into the mold cavity through more-than-one gate, multiple liquid fronts will have to flow together and become one solid.\u00a0 If the flowing metal fronts are too cool, they may not flow together, but will leave a seam in the part.\u00a0\r\nSuch a seam is called a cold shut, and can be prevented by assuring sufficient superheat in the poured metal and thick enough walls in the casting design.\r\n\r\nThe mis-run and cold shut\r\ndefects are caused either by a lower fluidity of the mold or when the section thickness of the casting is very small. Fluidity can be improved by changing the composition of the metal and by increasing the pouring temperature of the metal.\u00a0\r\n\r\nMold Shift\r\nThe mold shift defect occurs when cope and drag or molding boxes have not been properly aligned.\r\n\r\nCasting Defects:\r\n\r\nThe defects in a casting may be due to pattern and moulding box equipment, moulding sand, cores,gating system or molten metal. Some of the defects are:\r\n\r\n1: Mould shift\r\n\r\nIt results in a mismatching of the top and the bottom parts of the casting , usually at the parting line.\r\n\r\n2: Swell\r\n\r\nIt is an enlargement of the mould cavity by molten metal pressure resulting in localized or general enlargement of the casting.\r\n\r\n3: Fins and Flash\r\n\r\nThese are thin projections of the metal not intended as a part of casting. These usually occurs at the parting line of the mould.\r\n\r\n4: Sand Wash\r\n\r\nIt usually occurs near the in the gates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting.\r\n\r\n5: Shrinkage \r\n\r\nIt is a crack or breakage in the casting on the surface of the work piece, which results from un equal contraction of the metal during solidification.\r\n\r\n6: Hot Tear\r\n\r\nIt is an internal or external ragged discontinuously in the metal casting resulting just after the metal has solidified.\r\n\r\n7: Sand Blow or Blow Hole\r\n\r\nIt is smooth depression on the outer surface of the casting work piece.\r\n\r\n8: Honeycombing or Slag holes\r\n\r\nThese are smooth depression on the upper surface of the casting. They usually occur near the ingates.\r\n\r\n9: Scabs\r\n\r\nThese are patches of sand on the upper surface of the casting component.\r\n\r\n10: Cold Shut and Misruns\r\n\r\nThese happens when the mould cavity is not completely filled by the molten and insufficient material or metal.\r\n\r\n11: Run-outs and Bust-outs\r\nThese permit drainage of the metal from the cavity and result in incomplete casting.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"What are the Casting Defects ?","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-03-17","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/castingdefects-300x258.jpg","height":258,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=326">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=325"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>325</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=326"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>326</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>327</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=328"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>328</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=329"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>329</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=328">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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