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ABSTRACT
Non-traditional machining (NTM) processes are now being widely used to generate intricate and accurate shapes in materials, like...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-non-conventional-machining-report-download/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar on Non Conventional Machining Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar on Non Conventional Machining Report Download","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-non-conventional-machining-report-download\/","articleBody":"Seminar on Non Conventional Machining Report Download\r\nABSTRACT\r\nNon-traditional machining (NTM) processes are now being widely used to generate intricate and accurate shapes in materials, like titanium, stainless steel, high strength temperature resistant (HSTR) alloys, fiber-reinforced composites, ceramics, refractories and other difficult-to-machine alloys having higher strength, hardness, toughness and other diverse material properties. Generation of complex shapes in such materials by the traditional machining processes is experienced to be difficult. For effective utilization of the capabilities of different NTM processes, careful selection of the most suitable process for a given machining application is often required. Selection of the best suited NTM process for a work material and shape feature combination requires the consideration of several criteria. In this report, various NTM process have been explained which can be used by the user for different applications.\r\n\r\nExamples of traditional machining processes are turning, boring, milling, shaping, broaching, slotting, grinding etc. Similarly, Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM), Ultrasonic Machining (USM), Water Jet and Abrasive Water Jet Machining (WJM and AWJM), Electro-discharge Machining (EDM) are some of the Non Traditional Machining (NTM) Processes.\r\n\r\nclassification of non conventional machining\r\n\r\nAbrasive Jet Machining (AJM)\r\n\r\nAbrasive Jet Machining (AJM), also known as micro-abrasive blasting, is a mechanical energy based unconventional machining process used to remove unwanted material from a given workpiece.\r\nThe process makes use of an abrasive jet with high velocity, to remove material and provide smooth surface finish to hard metallic workpieces. It is similar to Water Jet Machining (WJM).\r\n\r\nUltrasonic Machining (USM)\r\n\r\nUSM is mechanical material removal process or an abrasive process used to erode holes or cavities on hard or brittle workpiece by using shaped tools, high frequency mechanical motion and an abrasive slurry. USM offers a solution to the expanding need for machining brittle\r\nmaterials such as single crystals, glasses and polycrystalline ceramics, and increasing complex operations to provide intricate shapes and workpiece profiles. It is therefore used extensively in machining hard and brittle materials that are difficult to machine by traditional manufacturing processes. The hard particles in slurry are accelerated toward the surface of the workpiece by a tool oscillating at a frequency up to 100 KHz - through repeated abrasions, the tool machines a cavity of a cross section identical to its own. A schematic representation of USM is shown in Figure .\r\n\r\nWater Jet Cutting\r\n\r\nWater jet cutting can reduce the costs and speed up the processes by eliminating or reducing expensive secondary machining process. Since no heat is applied on the materials, cut edges are clean with minimal burr. Problems such as cracked edge defects, crystalisation, hardening, reduced wealdability and machinability are reduced in this process.\r\n\r\nChemical Machining (CM)\r\n\r\nChemical machining (CM) is the controlled dissolution of workpiece material (etching) by means of a strong chemical reagent (etchant). In CM material is removed from selected areas of workpiece by immersing it in a chemical reagents or etchants; such as acids and alkaline solutions. Material is removed by microscopic electrochemical cell action, as occurs in corrosion or chemical dissolution of a metal. This controlled chemical dissolution will simultaneously etch all exposed surfaces even though the penetration rates of the material removal may be only 0.0025\u20130.1 mm\/min. The basic process takes many forms: chemical milling of pockets, contours, overall metal removal, chemical blanking for etching through thin sheets; photochemical machining (pcm) for etching by using of photosensitive resists in microelectronics; chemical or electrochemical polishing where weak chemical reagents are used (sometimes with remote electric assist) for polishing or deburring and chemical jet machining where a single chemically active jet is used. A schematic of chemical machining process is shown in Figure .\r\n\r\nElectrochemical Machining (ECM)\r\n\r\nElectrochemical machining (ECM) is a metal-removal process based on the principle of reverse electroplating. In this process, particles travel from the anodic material (workpiece) toward the cathodic material (machining tool). A current of electrolyte fluid carries away the deplated material before it has a chance to reach the machining tool. The cavity produced is the female mating image of the tool shape.\r\n\r\nElectrical Discharge Machining (EDM)\r\n\r\nElectrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most widely used non-traditional machining processes. The main attraction of EDM over traditional machining processes such as metal cutting using different tools and grinding is that this technique utilises thermoelectric process to erode undesired materials from the work piece by a series of discrete electrical sparks between the work piece and the electrode. A picture of EDM machine in operation is shown in Figure\r\n\r\nLaser\u2013Beam Machining (LBM)\r\n\r\nLaser-beam machining is a thermal material-removal process that utilizes a high-energy, coherent light beam to melt and vaporize particles on the surface of metallic and non-metallic workpieces. Lasers can be used to cut, drill, weld and mark. LBM is particularly suitable for making accurately placed holes. A schematic of laser beam machining is shown in Figure.\r\n\r\nElectron Beam Machining (EBM) - Modern Machining Process\r\n\r\nElectron Beam Machining (EBM) is a thermal process. Here a steam of high speed electrons impinges on the work surface so that the kinetic energy of electrons is transferred to work producing intense heating. Depending upon the intensity of heating the work piece can melt and vaporize. The process of heating by electron beam is used for annealing, welding or metal removal. During EBM process very high velocities can be obtained by using enough voltage of 1,50,000 V can produce velocity of 228,478 km\/sec and it is focused on 10 - 200 \u03bcM diameter. Power density can go up to 6500 billion W\/sq.mm. Such a power density can vaporize any substance immediately. The Complex contours can be easily machined by maneuvering the electron beam using magnetic deflection coils. To avoid a collision of the accelerating electrons\r\nwith the air molecules, the process has to be conducted in vacuum. So EBM is not suitable for large work pieces. The process is accomplished with vacuum so no possibility of contamination. There are no effects on work piece because about 25-50\u03bcm away from machining spot remains at room temperature and so no effects of high temperature on work.\r\n\r\nCONCLUSION\r\n\r\nThe non-traditional methods of machining have several specific advantages over traditional methods of machining. It makes tasks look easier. These methods are not limited by hardness, toughness, and brittleness of materials and can produce any intricate shape on any workpiece material by suitable control over the various physical parameters of the processes. These methods find place in production treatment to produce several products with better quality and exact values and minimum cost.\r\n\r\nDespite the traditional methods as recent advancements non-traditional methods are adequate to machine, any type of materials from stand point of economic production. The word untraditional is used in the sense that the metal slide hastalloy, nitraalloy, mnemonics are such that they can\u2019t be machined by traditional methods but require some special techniques where the untraditional methods stand firmly. So now a day\u2019s even having traditional methods as advancement several industries prefer the non-traditional methods.\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSeminar on Non Conventional Machining Report pdf\u00a0 Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical MCQ Objectives Question and Answers\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Seminar on Non Conventional Machining Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-21","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/classification-of-non-conventional-machining-300x186.jpg","height":186,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/solenoid-operated-pneumatic-grinding-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Solenoid-Operated-Pneumatic-Grinding-Machine-Mechanical-Projects--242x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Solenoid Operated Pneumatic Grinding Machine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/solenoid-operated-pneumatic-grinding-machine/">Solenoid Operated Pneumatic Grinding Machine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Solenoid Operated Pneumatic Grinding Machine - Mechanical Projects 
ABSTRACT
Introducing pneumatic grinding arrangement used for different jobs. Grinding has been one of the major operation in all...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/solenoid-operated-pneumatic-grinding-machine/" aria-label="View Post: Solenoid Operated Pneumatic Grinding Machine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Solenoid Operated Pneumatic Grinding Machine","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/solenoid-operated-pneumatic-grinding-machine\/","articleBody":"Solenoid Operated Pneumatic Grinding Machine - Mechanical Projects\u00a0\r\nABSTRACT\r\nIntroducing pneumatic grinding arrangement used for different jobs. Grinding has been one of the major operation in all the industries since the era of industrialization started. But to this date it has not seen automation at affordable costs. Hydraulic grinding solved the problems of\r\nconventional grinding but it was too costly.\r\nThe idea of the project was to have an intermediate arrangement that solves the purpose of automation and is also economic. The proposal is to move grinder in a direction back and forth by pressing a single button. This has been done earlier but not with the concept of pneumatics.\r\nAnd as a matter of fact pneumatic approach is cheaper than the hydraulic one. Thereby achieving automation at a low cost. In this arrangement air compressor is employed which supplies pressurized air to actuate pneumatic cylinder. This in turn carries the grinder forward for the grinding action. For adjusting the feed of the job we have used lead screw arrangement. Solenoid valve reverses the direction of air movement in the cylinder in order to bring grinder back to its rest position.\r\nEven being a small model for illustration this arrangement pleases by achieving close tolerances. Also there is no fatigue to the operator. This is a very smooth-acting device, and the minimal power loss. It can be run at nearly any speed, even at high speed, and is very efficient. It is fascinating to watch in action, grinding being done automatically.\r\nIntroduction \u2013\r\nThere are many electrically operated grinding machines of different configurations and different manufacturers are available for the use in machine shop. These machines can grind jobs of different material precisely. Now in industry, it is necessary to grind jobs with very high rate to achieve mass production requirements. So there is need to move for a new technology which gives us a mass production with less time and less energy input. It is impossible to depend upon conventional grinding machine. By using this pneumatic grinding machine the jobs can be ground maintaining tolerances to achieve high speed cutting rate and mass production for maximum benefit in manufacturing industries. This machine overcomes the drawbacks and limitations of conventional grinding machines. It can be used in a small workshops and industries as it is available in very low price and its smaller size and high efficiency.\r\n\r\n Solenoid Operated Pneumatic Grinding Machine - Mechanical Projects\r\n\r\nThe setup of pneumatic grinding machine is very simple, it operates with mechanism of pressurized air from a compressor. Compressed air pushes the piston of cylinder back and forth. This reciprocating motion of pneumatic cylinder is used to obtain the linear motion of grinder\r\nmounting plate and material is ground.\r\nPrinciple Mechanism\r\nSolenoid operated pneumatic grinding machine works on the principle of pneumatics. In this compressed air from the compressor pushes the grinder in the forward direction. Lead screw arrangement has been used to give feed to the work-piece. On adjusting the feed forward stroke of the piston of pneumatic cylinder pushes grinder forward. The solenoid valve is used for reversal of direction and to bring the grinder backward for the next stroke.\r\nAssembly\r\nFor assembly of solenoid operated pneumatic grinding machine first of all mount the grinder on base plate horizontally, with pneumatic grinder on one of the ends so that it can utilize movement of piston as its forward stroke. On the same base fix a vice for holding the job and adjust the feed using lead screw arrangement. Connect output of compressor to the solenoid valve using pipe of suitable diameter. Also the solenoid valve is connected to pneumatic cylinder too.\r\n\r\nFor controlling the amount of air from compressor that enters the cylinder use flow regulating valves. These also assure a jerk free operation, if adjusted properly. A compressor generating a pressure of 4 kgf is sufficient for running our proposed arrangement. Also to make sure that the grinder plate moves forward mount it on another plate with grooves engraved on it. Finally the whole apparatus can be placed on stand to be given some height as per our convenience.\r\n\r\nAdvantages \u2013\r\n\r\n\u2022 Quick operation.\r\n\u2022 Accuracy is more.\r\n\u2022 Low cost machine.\r\n\u2022 Simple in construction.\r\n\u2022 Less maintenance.\r\n\u2022 Reduces manual work\r\nApplication \u2013\r\nCan be implemented in industries which utilise materials such as -\r\n\u2022 Plastic and rubber.\r\n\u2022 Stone, ceramics and glass.\r\n\u2022 Leather and metal.\r\n\u00a0Limitations\r\n\r\n \tLeakage of air affects the working of the unit.\r\n \tCostlier than manual grinding because of compressor unit but it can be cut-short if compressor is already employed.\r\n \tOnly small sized jobs can be ground.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSolenoid Operated Pneumatic Grinding Machine - Mechanical Projects\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nBest Low Cost Mechanical Projects\r\nProduct Ideas , Innovative Machine Ideas Projects\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nDesign and Fabrication projects - Abstract , Report Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Solenoid Operated Pneumatic Grinding Machine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-20","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Solenoid-Operated-Pneumatic-Grinding-Machine-Mechanical-Projects--242x300.jpg","height":300,"width":242},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-automatic-guided-vehicle-report-pdf-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/automated-guided-vehicle-project-261x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Fabrication Of Automatic Guided Vehicle report pdf Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-automatic-guided-vehicle-report-pdf-download/">Fabrication Of Automatic Guided Vehicle report pdf Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Fabrication Of Automatic Guided Vehicle report PDF Download
ABSTRACT
The Automatic Guided Vehicle refers a type of system that can be used in production as well as in other industries etc. This...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-automatic-guided-vehicle-report-pdf-download/" aria-label="View Post: Fabrication Of Automatic Guided Vehicle report pdf Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Fabrication Of Automatic Guided Vehicle report pdf Download","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/fabrication-of-automatic-guided-vehicle-report-pdf-download\/","articleBody":"Fabrication Of Automatic Guided Vehicle report PDF Download\r\nABSTRACT\r\nThe Automatic Guided Vehicle refers a type of system that can be used in production as well as in other industries etc. This system includes a battery operated remote sensing locomotive (carrier) on which a small lift is provided, specific path over which it moves, sensors for sensing the the obstructions on the path of the carrier. Also sensors for sensing exact positions from where load wants to carry and to where.\r\n\r\nThe remote sensing carrier moves using the electric power from the battery. It moves with a low and constant speed on the prescribed path. The path has a specific color. The bottom of the carrier have sensor which is always coupled with the path. From the remote station we send only information for moving the carrier, not for steering it. The steering is done by the path. The front side of carrier vehicle contains sensors for sensing the obstructions on the path.\r\n\r\nAs it reaches the collecting station, its top floor lift to a small distance and lift the stand which contains the parts wants to assemble, supply. And the carrier moves through the path and reaches the supply station. The sensor provided on the carrier detected the station and unload the stand contains assembly parts at that station. And move to collecting stations again. Continues working cycles for making this project a reality.\r\nAUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE\r\nAn automated guided vehicle or automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is a mobile robot that follows markers or wires in the floor, or uses vision or lasers. They are most often used in industrial applications to move materials around a manufacturing facility or a warehouse Automated guided vehicles increase efficiency and reduce costs by helping to automate a manufacturing facility or warehouse. The AGV can tow objects behind them in trailers to which they can autonomously attach. The trailers can be used to move raw materials or finished product. The AGV can also store objects on a bed. The objects can be placed on a set of conveyor and then pushed off by reversing them. Some AGVs use forklifts to lift objects for storage. AGVs are employed in nearly every industry, including, pulp, paper, metals, newspaper, and general manufacturing. Transporting materials such as food, linen or medicine in hospitals is also done.\r\n\r\nAn AGV can also be called a laser guided vehicle (LGV) or self-guided vehicle (SGV). Lower cost versions of AGVs are often called Automated Guided Carts (AGCs) and are usually guided by specific lines magnetic tape. AGCs are available in a variety of models and can be used to move products on an assembly line, transport goods throughout a plant or warehouse, and deliver loads to and from stretch wrappers and roller conveyors.AGV applications are seemingly endless as capacities can range from just a few kgs to hundreds of tons. The Aim of the project is to design and fabricate such a AGV.\r\nPROJECT AND ITS SCOPE\r\nThe objective and scope of this project is to create an AGV model that can follow a trail of line on a flat surface horizontally. This AGV model is using microcontroller to control all navigation and lifting functions during its operation. In other words, the microcontroller acts just like the brain for the model that controls all operation of the system.\r\nThe model is a three-wheeled mobile robot that has the ability to follow line on floor. There are three wheels including two driving wheels controlled by two motors and a free wheel in front that is able to rotate 360\u00b0. With three wheels, both driving wheels are always in contact with the surface, because of the robot\u2019s steering relies on both its driven wheels being in contact with the surface at all times.\r\n\r\nThis project consists of four main stages, which are theoretical design, mechanical fabrication, electronic hardware design and as well as algorithm design in assembly language. The matter to be considered is how the robot can follow the trail of line continuously. It is also important to choose the most suitable microcontroller, actuators, and sensors to achieve the project objectives.\r\nDESIGN CONSIDERATIONS\r\nIn design problems many decision variables arise. The impact of decisions on mutual interactions and performance might be difficult to predict. It might be hard to decide on one thing without considering other decision variables. At least the following tactical and operational issues have to be addressed in designing an AGV system\r\n\u2022 Flow path layout\r\n\u2022 Traffic management: prediction and avoidance of collisions and deadlocks\r\n\u2022 Number and location of pick-up and delivery points\r\n\u2022 Vehicle requirements\r\n\u2022 Vehicle routing\r\n\u2022 Vehicle scheduling\r\n\u2022 Battery management\r\n\r\nA flow path layout compromises the fixed guided paths on which vehicles can travel to the various pick-up and delivery points of loads. Traffic management is required to avoid collisions and deadlock situations in which two or more vehicles are blocked completely. To ensure that loads are transported in time, sufficient vehicles should be available and the right vehicle should be dispatched to the right load.\r\n\r\nTo determine an optimal AGV\u2019s system, capable of meeting all requirements, many factors have to be taken into account. Several of these factors are:\r\n\u2022 Number of units to be transported\r\n\u2022 Points in time at which units can be or need to be transported\r\n\u2022 Capacity of the vehicle\r\n\u2022 Speed of the vehicle\r\n\u2022 Costs of the system\r\n\u2022 Layout of the system and guide path\r\n\u2022 Traffic congestion\r\n\u2022 Vehicle dispatching strategies\r\n\u2022 Number and location of pick-up and delivery points\r\n\r\nIf AGVs use batteries, frequent battery changing might be required. McHaney (1995) presents an overview of AGV battery technology. The time required for replacing or charging batteries can impact the number of vehicles required. Simulation results from McHaney (1995) indicate a significant increase in the number of AGVs required while incorporating battery management issues in the simulation study compared to neglecting these issues in the studies. Furthermore, the time required for charging batteries impacts throughput, congestion and costs.\r\n\r\nautomated guided vehicle project\r\nCONCLUSION\r\nThe AGV is a productivity increasing feature in a factory. During the manufacturing of this AGV we had found many of intelligence that can be given to it. We provide the basic functions like line following and collision avoiding. And the main function, transportation of goods from station to station. The followings are the main features of the prototype which we fabricated.\r\n1. Speed of delivery\r\n2. Adjustment of vehicle speed\r\n3. Flexibility of path\r\n4. Adaptive to changes in factory layouts\r\n5. Avoid collision with other objects\r\n6. Reduction in labour cost\r\n7. Reduction in running cost compared to conveyer systems\r\n8. Ability to add sensors to detect the payload conditions\r\n9. Ability to adjust the lifting time\r\n10. Continues cycle of working\r\n11. Conditions for line following can be change easily.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nFabrication Of Automatic Guided Vehicle report PDF Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nDesign and Fabrication projects - Abstract , Report Download\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nSheet Metal Fabrication Projects\r\nRobotic and automation projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Fabrication Of Automatic Guided Vehicle report pdf Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/automated-guided-vehicle-project-261x300.jpg","height":300,"width":261},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/8-basic-thermodynamic-processes-basic-of-thermodynamics/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/thermodynamics-Processes-all-pv-diagram-300x234.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to 8 Basic Thermodynamic Processes &#8211; Basic Of Thermodynamics</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/8-basic-thermodynamic-processes-basic-of-thermodynamics/">8 Basic Thermodynamic Processes &#8211; Basic Of Thermodynamics</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>8 Basic Thermodynamic Processes - Basic Of Thermodynamics
States of a thermodynamic system can be changed by interacting with its surrounding through work and heat. When this change occurs in a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/8-basic-thermodynamic-processes-basic-of-thermodynamics/" aria-label="View Post: 8 Basic Thermodynamic Processes &#8211; Basic Of Thermodynamics">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"8 Basic Thermodynamic Processes &#8211; Basic Of Thermodynamics","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/8-basic-thermodynamic-processes-basic-of-thermodynamics\/","articleBody":"8 Basic Thermodynamic Processes - Basic Of Thermodynamics\r\nStates of a thermodynamic system can be changed by interacting with its surrounding through work and heat. When this change occurs in a system, it is said that the system is undergoing a process.\r\n\r\nA thermodynamic cycle is a sequence of different processes that begins and ends at the same thermodynamic state.\r\nSome sample processes:\r\n1. Isothermal process: temperature is constant T=C\r\n2. Isobaric process: pressure is constant, P=C\r\n3. Constant-volume process, v=C\r\n4. Adiabatic process: no heat transfer, Q=0\r\n5. Reversible process\r\n6. Irreversible process\r\n7. Quasistatic process\r\n\r\nthermodynamics Processes all pv diagram\r\n\r\n1. An isothermal process occurs at constant temperature. Since the internal energy of a gas is only a function of its temperature, \u0394U = 0 for an isothermal process. For the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas we have W = nRT ln (V2\/V1). W is positive if V2 &gt; V1. Since \u0394U = 0, the heat transferred to the gas is \u0394Q = W.\r\n\r\n2. An isobaric process is a process that occurs at constant pressure. We then have W = P(V2 - V1). If the pressure of an ideal gas is kept constant, then the temperature must increase as the gas expands. (PV\/T = constant.) Heat must be added during the expansion process.\r\nWe define the enthalpy H of the system by the equation H = U + PV. The enthalpy is thus a physical property of the system. It has the dimensions of energy and the SI unit of enthalpy is Joule. For an isobaric process we write \u0394U = \u0394Q - \u0394W = \u0394Q - P(V2 - V1), or, rearranging the terms, \u0394H = \u0394Q.This expression, often used in chemistry, can be regarded as the isobaric form of the first law. \u0394H = \u0394Q only holds for isobaric processes. Chemical reactions (including biological ones) often take place at constant pressure, and then \u0394Q is equal to the change in a physical property of the system.\r\n\r\n3. An adiabatic process is a process during which no heat enters or leaves the system. We then have \u0394U = -\u0394W, i.e. \u0394W equals the change in a physical property of the system. A physical property of the system depends only on the state of the system (P, V, T), not on the way the system was put into this state.\r\n\r\n4. In practice there are two different ways to prevent the transfer of heat.\r\n\r\n(a) Provide very good thermal insulation of the system.\r\n(b) Complete the process in a very short time interval, so that there is no time for appreciable heat transfer. The combustion process inside a car engine is essentially adiabatic for this reason.\r\n\r\n5. An isovolumetric or isometric process takes place at constant volume. Then W = 0 and \u0394U = \u0394Q. All the heat added to the system goes into increasing its internal energy.\r\n\r\n6.Reversible process: The process in which the system and surroundings can be restored to the initial state from the final state without producing any changes in the thermodynamics properties of the universe is called a reversible process.\r\n\r\n7. Irreversible process: \r\n\r\nThe irreversible process is also called the natural process because all the processes occurring in nature are irreversible processes.\r\n\r\n8. Quasistatic process: \r\n\r\nA quasistatic process is an idealized model of a thermodynamic process that happens infinitely slowly. It is important to note that no real process is quasistatic. In practice, such processes can only be approximated by performing them infinitesimally slowly. A quasistatic process often ensures that the system will go through a sequence of states that are infinitesimally close to equilibrium (so the system remains in quasistatic equilibrium), in which case the process is typically reversible.","headline":"8 Basic Thermodynamic Processes &#8211; Basic Of Thermodynamics","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-15","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/thermodynamics-Processes-all-pv-diagram-300x234.jpg","height":234,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-landing-gear-arrangement-analysis-report-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Landing-Gear-Arrangement-300x157.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar on Landing Gear Arrangement Analysis Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-landing-gear-arrangement-analysis-report-download/">Seminar on Landing Gear Arrangement Analysis Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar on Landing Gear Arrangement Analysis Report Download
Landing Gear basics
The landing gear is that portion of the aircraft that supports the weight of the aircraft while it is on the ground....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-landing-gear-arrangement-analysis-report-download/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar on Landing Gear Arrangement Analysis Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar on Landing Gear Arrangement Analysis Report Download","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-landing-gear-arrangement-analysis-report-download\/","articleBody":"Seminar on Landing Gear Arrangement Analysis Report Download\r\nLanding Gear basics\r\nThe landing gear is that portion of the aircraft that supports the weight of the aircraft while it is on the ground. The landing gear contains components that are necessary for taking off and landing the aircraft safely. Some of these components are landing gear struts that absorb landing and taxiing shocks; brakes that are used to stop and, in some cases, steer the aircraft; nose wheel steering for steering the aircraft; and in some cases, nose catapult Components that provide the aircraft with carrier deck takeoff capabilities. The landing gear is the principle support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or when landing. The most common type of landing gear consists of wheels, but airplane is can also be equipped with floats for water operations, or skis for landing on snow.\r\n\r\nThe landing gear consists of three wheels\u2014two main wheels and a third wheel positioned either at the front or rear of the airplane. Landing gear employing a rear mounted wheel is called conventional landing gear.\r\nAirplanes with conventional landing gear are sometimes referred to as tail wheel airplanes.\r\nWhen the third wheel is located on the nose, it is called a nose wheel, and the design is\r\nreferred to as a tricycle gear. A steerable nose wheel or tail wheel permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all operations while on the ground.\r\nThe landing gear is the structure that supports an aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi, take-off, and land.\r\n\r\nThe primary functions of a landing gear are as follows:\r\n\r\n1. To keep the aircraft stable on the ground and during loading, unloading, and taxi.\r\n2. To allow the aircraft to freely move and maneuver during taxing.\r\n3. To provide a safe distance between other aircraft components such as wing and fuselage while the aircraft is on the ground position to prevent any damage by the ground contact.\r\n4. To absorb the landing shocks during landing operation\r\n5. To facilitate take-off by allowing aircraft acceleration and rotation with the lowest friction.\r\nLanding Gear design\r\nIn order to allow for a landing gear to function effectively, the following design requirements are established:\r\n\r\n1. Ground clearance requirement\r\n2. Steering requirement\r\n3. Take-off rotation requirement\r\n4. Tip back prevention requirement\r\n5. Overturn prevention requirement\r\n6. Touch-down requirement\r\n7. Landing requirement\r\n8. Static and dynamic load requirement\r\n9. Aircraft structural integrity\r\n10. Ground lateral stability\r\n11. Low cost\r\n12. Low weight\r\n13. Maintainability\r\n14. Manufacturability\r\n\r\nThe first job of an aircraft designer in the landing gear design process is to select the landing gear configuration. Landing gear functions may be performed through the application of various landing gear types and configurations. Landing gear design requirements are parts of the aircraft general design requirements including cost, aircraft performance, aircraft stability, aircraft control, maintainability, producibility and operational considerations.\r\n\r\nIn general, there are ten configurations for a landing gear as follows:\r\n1. Single main\r\n2. Bicycle\r\n3. Tail-gear\r\n4. Tricycle or nose-gear\r\n5. Quadricycle\r\n6. Multi-bogey\r\n7. Releasable rail\r\n8. Skid\r\n9. Seaplane landing device\r\n10. Human leg\r\n\r\nThe features and the technical descriptions of each landing gear configuration will be presented in this section. The common alternatives for landing gear configurations are illustrated in figure 1. The landing gear configuration selection process includes setting up a table of features that can be compared in a numerical fashion. It needs to be clarified that for simplicity the term \u201cgear\u201d or \u201cwheel\u201d is sometimes employed for a single strut and whatever that is connected to it which comprises such items as tire, wheel, shock absorber, actuators, and brake assembly. Hence, when the term \u201cnose-gear\u201d is used, it refers to a landing gear configuration; while when the term \u201cnose gear\u201d is employed, it refers to a gear that is attached under the fuselage nose. In general, most general aviation, transport and fighter aircraft employ tricycle landing gear, while some heavy weight transport (cargo) aircraft use quadricycle or multi-bogy landing gear. Nowadays, the tail-gear is seldom used by some GA aircraft, but it was employed in the first 50 years of aviation history by majority of aircraft.\r\nLanding Gear Geometry\r\n Landing Gear Arrangement\r\n\r\nAt this point, the landing gear configuration is selected and retraction configuration is decided. Now, the designer needs to perform mathematical calculations to determine few parameters such as height, wheel base, wheel track, and the distance between main gear and aircraft center of gravity. These parameters are interrelated through geometrical relations and several mathematical principles. These relationships are described in this Section. The guidelines for determining these parameters are presented in the following subsequent sections.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSeminar on Landing Gear Arrangement Analysis Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical MCQ Objectives Question and Answers\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Seminar on Landing Gear Arrangement Analysis Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-15","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Landing-Gear-Arrangement-300x157.jpg","height":157,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-self-assembly-robots-report-pdf-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/self-assembly-robot-269x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Self Assembly Robots Report Pdf Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-self-assembly-robots-report-pdf-download/">Seminar On Self Assembly Robots Report Pdf Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Self Assembly Robots Report Pdf Download
ABSTRACT
Self assembly robots have number of small modules(or robots) which can stick or bond together to perform various funtions. In this...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-self-assembly-robots-report-pdf-download/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Self Assembly Robots Report Pdf Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Self Assembly Robots Report Pdf Download","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-self-assembly-robots-report-pdf-download\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Self Assembly Robots Report Pdf Download\r\nABSTRACT\r\nSelf assembly robots have number of small modules(or robots) which can stick or bond together to perform various funtions. In this report bonding methods between modules of self assembly robots are analysed . Tests are conducted and the strength of the bonds for each method are presented for different module styles, bonding conditions and breaking conditions in a destructive test, and are compared with magnetic bonding methods.\r\nFor 80 micrometer modules, bond strengths of up to 500 mN are observed with thermoplastic bonds, which indicates that the assemblies could be potentially used in high-force structural applications of programmable matter, micro fluidic channels or healthcare. And finally simulation was performed using small magnetic modules to show the assembly and disassembly functions.\r\nPROBLEM DEFINITION AND CHALLENGES\r\nRecent work in reconfigurable robotics has involved the scaling down of individual robotic modules for increased resolution and access to small spaces. This has brought with it several challenges in actuation, computation, and module bonding . Many large scale modular robotic systems use traditional actuators such as dc motors or shape memory alloys to power the assembly, re configuring, motion, and disassembly processes using algorithms or motion primitives. However, as these systems are scaled down below the centimeter-scale, compromises must be made which reduce functionality, resulting in modules with less mobility.\r\n\r\nSince the early demonstrations of early modular self-reconfiguring systems, the size, robustness and performance has been continuously improving. In parallel, planning and control algorithms have been progressing to handle thousands of units. There are, however, several key steps that are necessary for these systems to realize their promise of adaptability, robustness and low cost. These steps can be broken down into challenges in the hardware design, in planning and control algorithms and in application. These challenges are often intertwined.\r\nHeating methods\r\nA heating system is a mechanism for maintaining temperatures at an acceptable level; by using thermal energy. As you will see in the coming chapters, how are these method s are being used to form strong bonds with the neighboring modules.\r\nWe can heat the small modules of assembly robots using three methods, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. These methods are:\r\ni) Heating by Peltier element\r\nii) Heating by focused laser\r\niii) Inductive heating by high power AC fields\r\n\u00a0Heating by Peltier element\r\nThe Peltier effect thermoelectric heat pump is a semiconductor based electronic component that functions as a heat pump. Just by applying a low DC voltage to this module, one surface gets cold and the other surface gets hot. And just by reversing the applied DC voltage, the heat moves to the other direction. Thus this thermoelectric device works as a heater or a cooler.\r\nThe Peltier thermoelectric heat pumps have been used for medical devices sensor technology, cooling integrated circuits, automotive applications and military applications.\r\nDISABLING FOR MODULE ADDRESSABILITY\r\nTo add more magnetic modules to an assembly, each module is magnetically disabled after assembly, as shown schematically in Fig. 6.1. This process allows individual modules to be added to the assembly one at a time into arbitrary locations on the assembly without regard for the magnetic attraction or repulsion associated with that assembly location.Compared with bonding by magnetic attraction, this allows for a much wider range of assembly morphologiesto be made. New modules can be added to the assembly in any position or orientation. However, it is desirable to bond all modules with the same orientation so that they can be disabled and enabled as a group using a single global pulse.\r\nHeat bonding of modules is accomplished by individual heating (i.e. by laser or inductive heating), or by global heating (i.e. heat\r\nconduction through the entire medium).Once the assembly is completed, it is re-enabled magnetically and is free to move through the workspace as a single unit.\r\n\r\nself assembly robot\r\n\r\nAs further demonstration of the assembly plus heat activated bonding, a 2D ship-in-bottle morphology is created in a micro fluidic chip environment, as shown in Fig. 6.2.Creating a ship in a bottle requires individual modules to pass through a small opening (the bottleneck) and assemble into a ship shape one at a time. The simple 2D ship shape made here consists of nine modules, and consists of a hull,mast and sail. Such a demonstration shows the capability ofthe presented addressability, bonding and control method to achieve the creation of arbitrary shapes in remote inaccessible areas.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSeminar On Self Assembly Robots Report Pdf Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical MCQ Objectives Question and Answers\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Seminar On Self Assembly Robots Report Pdf Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-14","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/self-assembly-robot-269x300.jpg","height":300,"width":269},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=20">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=19"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>19</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=20"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>20</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>21</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=22"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>22</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=23"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>23</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=22">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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