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Definition, Types, Examples, Diagram</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/constrained-motion/">Constrained motion &#8211; Definition, Types, Examples, Diagram</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Kinematic Pair:  The two links or elements of a machine, when in contact with each other, are said to form a pair. If the relative motion between them is completely or successfully constrained...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/constrained-motion/" aria-label="View Post: Constrained motion &#8211; Definition, Types, Examples, Diagram">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Constrained motion &#8211; Definition, Types, Examples, Diagram","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/constrained-motion\/","articleBody":"Kinematic Pair:\r\n\r\nThe two links or elements of a machine, when in contact with each other, are said to form a pair. If the relative motion between them is completely or successfully constrained (i.e. in a definite direction), the pair is known as kinematic pair. In this article, we will see about constrained motion, types, example with diagrams.\r\nConstraints:\r\nThe restrictions imposed on the motion or position or both of a system of particles is known as constraints. Constraints limit the motion of an object.\r\n\r\nConstrained Motion :\r\n\r\n The motion which can't proceed arbitrarily in any manner is called constrained motion.\r\nDifferent Types of Constrained Motions:\r\n1. Completely Constrained Motion\r\n2. Incompletely Constrained Motion\r\n3. Successfully Constrained Motion\r\nCompletely constrained motion:\r\n\r\n \tWhen the motion between a pair is limited to a definite direction irrespective of the direction of force applied, then the motion is said to be a completely constrained motion.\r\n \tE.g. The piston and cylinder (in a steam engine) form a pair and the motion of the piston is limited to a definite direction (i.e. it will only reciprocate) relative to the cylinder irrespective of the direction of motion of the crank. The motion of a square bar in a square hole is an example of Completely constrained motion.\r\n\r\nExamples of Completely Constrained Motion :\r\n1. The motion of a square bar in a square hole\r\n2. the motion of a shaft with collars at each end in a circular hole,\r\n\r\ntypes of constrained motion - completely, incompletely, Successfully constrained motion\r\nIncompletely constrained motion:\r\n\r\n \tWhen the motion between a pair can take place in more than one direction, then the motion is called an incompletely constrained motion. The change in the direction of the impressed force may alter the direction of relative motion between the pair.\r\n \tA circular bar or shaft in a circular hole is an example of an incompletely constrained motion as it may either rotate or slide in a hole. Both motions have no relationship with the other.\r\n\r\nExamples of Incompletely Constrained Motion :\r\n\r\n \tCircular shaft in a circular hole may either rotate or slide in the hole\r\n\r\nSuccessfully constrained motion:\r\n\r\n \tWhen the motion between the elements, forming a pair, is such that the constrained motion is not completed by itself, but by some other means, then the motion is said to be successfully constrained motion. \r\n \tConsider a shaft in a foot-step bearing as shown in Fig.\u00a0The shaft may rotate in a bearing or it may move upwards. This is a case of incompletely constrained motion. But if the load is placed on the shaft to prevent axial upward movement of the shaft, then the motion of the pair is said to be successfully constrained motion. \r\n \tThe motion of an I.C. engine Mechanisms valve (these are kept on their seat by a spring) and the piston reciprocating inside an engine cylinder are also the examples of successfully constrained motion.\r\n\r\nExamples Successfully constrained motion :\r\n\r\n1. The motion of an I.C. engine valve (these are kept on their seat by a spring)\r\n2. The piston reciprocating inside an engine cylinder\r\n3. Shaft in a footstep bearing\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTheory of Machine Article , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Constrained motion &#8211; Definition, Types, Examples, Diagram","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2020-05-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 30, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/types-of-constrained-motion-completely-incompletely-Sucessfully-constrained-motion-300x235.jpg","height":235,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/inspection-types/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/types-of-inspection-300x257.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Inspection : Definition, Need, Objectives, Types of Inspection</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/inspection-types/">Inspection : Definition, Need, Objectives, Types of Inspection</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Inspection  Inspection is the most common method of attaining standardization, uniformity, and quality of workmanship. It is the cost art of controlling the product quality after...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/inspection-types/" aria-label="View Post: Inspection : Definition, Need, Objectives, Types of Inspection">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Inspection : Definition, Need, Objectives, Types of Inspection","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/inspection-types\/","articleBody":"What is Inspection\r\n\r\n \tInspection is the most common method of attaining standardization, uniformity, and quality of workmanship. It is the cost art of controlling the product quality after comparison with the established standards and specifications.\r\n \tIt is the function of quality control. If the said item does not fall within the zone of acceptability it will be rejected and the corrective measures will be applied to see that the items in future conform to specified standards.\r\n \tAn inspection is an indispensable tool of the modern manufacturing process. It helps to control quality, reduces manufacturing costs, eliminates scrap losses, and assignable causes of defective work.\r\n\r\nInspection Definition :\r\n\u201c inspection is part of quality\u201d- inspection is the checking, verification of raw material, in-process, semi-finished or finished components. It is the first step to distinguish between accepted or rejected components.\r\n\r\nInspection basically involves;\r\n\r\n1. Interpretation of specifications\/ drawings.\r\n2. Measurement of dimensions or other related parameters.\r\n3. Selection of proper instruments, gauges.\r\n4. Selection of units of measurements.\r\n5. Comparison between specified and measured values.\r\n6. Based on the act of comparison proper decisions to be taken.\r\n\r\nInspection is the first and basic act to towards achieving the quality defined from customer's requirements, hence inspection is part of quality.\r\nObjectives of Inspection\r\n1. To collect information regarding the performance of the product with established standards for the use of engineering production, purchasing, and quality control, etc.\r\n2. To sort out the poor quality of manufactured products and thus to maintain standards.\r\n3. To establish and increase their reputation by protecting customers from receiving poor quality products.\r\n4. Detect the source of weakness and failure in the finished products and thus check the work of the designer.\r\nNeed of Inspection in Industry:-\r\nNeeds of the inspection in manufacturing:-\r\n1) To ensure that the part, material, or component confirms the established standard.\r\n2) To meet the interchangeability of the manufacturer.\r\n3) To maintain customer relationships by ensuring that no faulty product reaches the customer.\r\n4) Provide the means of finding out shortcomings in manufacture.\r\n5) It helps to purchase a good quality of raw material, tools, equipment which governs the quality of the finished product.\r\n6) It helps to coordinate the functions of quality control, production, purchasing, and other departments of the organization.\r\n7) To take decisions on the defective parts.\r\nPurpose of Inspection\r\n1. To distinguish good lots from bad lots\r\n2. To distinguish good pieces from bad pieces.\r\n3. To determine if the process is changing.\r\n4. To determine if the process is approaching the specification limits.\r\n5. To rate the quality of the product.\r\n6. To rate the accuracy of inspectors.\r\n7. To measure the precision of the measuring instrument.\r\n8. To secure products \u2013 design information.\r\n9. To measure process capability.\r\nStages of Inspection\r\n1. Inspection of incoming materials:\r\n\r\nIt is also called receiving inspection. It consists of inspecting and checking of all the purchased raw materials and parts that are supplied before they are taken on to the stock or used in actual manufacturing. The inspection may take place either at the supplier\u2019s end or at the manufacturer\u2019s gate. If the incoming materials are large in quantity and involve huge transportation cost it is economical to inspect them at the place of vendor or supplier.\r\n\r\n2. Inspection of the production process:\r\n\r\nThe work of inspection is done while the production process is simultaneously going on. Inspection is done at various work centers of men and machines and at the critical production points. This had the advantage of preventing wastage of time and money on defective units and preventing delays in assembly.\r\n\r\n3. Inspection of finished goods:\r\n\r\nThis is the last stage when finished goods are inspected and carried out before marketing to see that poor quality products may be either rejected or sold at reduced prices.\r\n\r\ntypes of inspection\r\nMethods of Inspection: Types Of Inspection\r\nThere are two methods of inspection.\r\n1. 100% Inspection:\r\n\r\n \tThis type will involve careful inspection in detail of quality at each strategic point or stage of manufacture where the test involved is non-destructive and every piece is separately inspected. It requires more inspectors and hence it is a costly method.\r\n \tThere is no sampling error. This is subjected to inspection error arising out of fatigue, negligence, the difficulty of supervision, etc. Hence complete accuracy of influence is seldom attained.\r\n \tIt is suitable only when a small number of pieces are there or a very high degree of quality is required.\r\n \tExample of 100 % inspection: Jet engines, Aircraft, Medical, and Scientific equipment.\r\n\r\n100 % Inspection is not preferred in the industry for mass production due to the following reasons.\r\n\r\n \tThe cost required for inspection is more as compared to sampling inspection.\r\n \tThe time required for inspection is more\r\n \tThe operator suffers from inspection fatigue.\r\n \tMore staff is required for inspection.\r\n \tDue to more handling chances of damage increase.\r\n \t100 % inspection not possible where destructive testing is required.\r\n\r\n2. Sampling Inspection:\r\n\r\n \tIn this method randomly selected samples are inspected. Samples taken from different batches of products are representatives. If the sample proves defective. The entire concern is to be rejected or recovered.\r\n \tSampling inspection is cheaper and quicker. It requires less number of Inspectors. It\u2019s subjected to sampling errors but the magnitude of sampling error can be estimated.\r\n \tIn the case of destructive tests, random or sampling inspection is desirable.\r\n \tThis type of inspection governs wide currency due to the introduction of automatic machines or equipment\u2019s which are less susceptible to chance variable and hence require less inspection, suitable for inspection of products which have less precision importance and are less costly.\r\n \tExample: Electrical bulbs, radio bulbs, washing machines, etc.\r\n \tDestructive tests conducted for the products whose endurance or ultimate strength properties are required.\r\n \tExample: Flexible strength, resistance capacity, compressibility, etc.\r\n\r\nTypes of sampling plans:-\r\n1. Single sampling plan.\r\n2. Double sampling plan.\r\n3. Multisampling plan.\r\n\r\nDouble sampling plan:- In double sampling plan the decision on acceptance or rejection of the lot is based on two samples\r\n\r\nExample:-\r\nParameters, N= lot size = 500\r\nn1= number of pieces in the first sample. =35\r\nC1= acceptance number for the first sample. =1\r\nn2= number of pieces in the second sample. =50\r\nC1= acceptance number for the second sample. =4\r\n\r\n1. Take the first sample of 35 items from a lot of 500 and inspect.\r\n2. Accept the lot on the basis of the first sample, if it contains 0 or 1 defective.\r\n3. Reject the lot on the basis of the first sample if it contains more than 4 defectives.\r\n4. Take a second sample of 50 items if the first sample contains 2,3 0r 4 defectives.\r\n5. Accept the lot on the basis of the first and second sample combined, if the combined sample of 85 items contains 4 or fewer defectives.\r\n6. Reject the lot on the basis of the combined sample if the combined sample contains more than 4 defectives.\r\n\r\ndouble sampling plan\r\nAdvantages of Sampling Inspection:\r\nSampling inspection is more practical. a quick and economical method of taking decision regarding acceptance or rejection of the purchased or manufactured items. The advantages of sampling inspection are :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tThe items which are subjected to destructive test must be inspected by sampling inspection only.\r\n \tThe cost and item required for sampling inspection is quite less as compared to 100 % inspection.\r\n \tThe problem of inspection of fatigue which occurs in 100 % inspection is eliminated.\r\n \tLess inspection staff is necessary.\r\n \tLess damage to products because only few items are handled during the inspection.\r\n \tThe problem of monotony and inspector error introduced by 100 % inspection is minimized.\r\n \tThe lot is disposed off in shorter period so that scheduling and delivery dates are improved.\r\n \tThe most important advantage of sampling inspection is that it exerts more effective pressure on quality improvement. Since the entire lot may be rejected only on the basis of the sample.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Sampling :\r\nSome of the disadvantages of Sampling Inspection are:\r\n\r\n \tIn sampling inspection, since only a part is inspected the sample may not represent the exact picture obtaining in the lot, hence there is likely hood or risk of making wrong decisions about the lot.\r\n \tThe costs of rejected lots will be passed on by the producer on the consumer.\r\n \tThis method may not be suitable for taking decisions on acceptance or rejection of a very costly and important item.\r\n \tIt is necessary to use random sampling, select proper sample size, and acceptance numbers for accurate results.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Inspection\r\n\r\n \tInspection adds to the cost of the product but not for its value.\r\n \tIt is partially subjective, often the inspector has to judge whether a product passes or not. Example: Inspector discovering a slight burnish on a surface must decide whether it is bad enough to justify rejection even with micrometers a tight or loose fit change measurement by saying 0.0006 inches. The inspector's design is important as he enforces quality standards.\r\n \tFatigue and Monotony may affect any inspection judgment.\r\n \tInspection merely separates good and bad items. It is no way to prevent the production of bad items.\r\n\r\nDifference between Sampling acceptance \/ Sampling Inspection and 100 % Inspection :\u00a0\r\nCompare acceptance sampling with 100% inspection\r\n\r\n1) The cost required for sampling inspection is quite less as compared to 100% inspection.\r\n2) The time required for sampling inspection is less as compared to 100% inspection.\r\n3) In sampling inspection problem of inspection fatigue which occurs in 100% inspection is eliminated.\r\n4) Smaller inspection staff is necessary for sampling inspection as compared to 100% inspection.\r\n5) In sampling inspection less damage to the product, because only a few items are subjected to handling during the inspection.\r\n6) The problem of monotony and inspector error introduced by 100% inspection is minimized.\r\n7) Sampling inspection exerts more effective pressure on quality improvement. Since the rejection of the entire lot on the basis of sampling brings much stronger pressure on quality improvement than the rejection of individual articles.\r\n8) Sampling inspection provides less information about the product than 100% inspection.\r\n9) Some extra planning and documentation required in sampling inspection.\r\nDifference between Inspection and Quality Control\r\n\n\n\n\n\tInspectionQuality control\n\n\n\n\n\tInspection is a part of qualityConcerned with confirmation with specifications\n\n\n\tAct of checking the componentsAn effective system of integration of various functions\n\n\n\tNeeds measuring instrumentsInvolves quality improvement tools\n\n\n\tMeasurement activityAnalysis of measurement data\n\n\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nQuality Control- Articles , notes , Interview Q and A\r\nMeasurement Science and Metrology Notes , Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Inspection : Definition, Need, Objectives, Types of Inspection","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2020-05-29","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 29, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/types-of-inspection-300x257.jpg","height":257,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/limited-slip-differential/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/clutch-plate-Differential-diagram-266x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Limited Slip Differential &#8211; Types, Diagram, Working, advantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/limited-slip-differential/">Limited Slip Differential &#8211; Types, Diagram, Working, advantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Limited Slip Differential or Self-Locking Differential or Differential Lockout  The standard differential works well in most situations. However, on very slippery surfaces such as icy or muddy...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/limited-slip-differential/" aria-label="View Post: Limited Slip Differential &#8211; Types, Diagram, Working, advantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Limited Slip Differential &#8211; Types, Diagram, Working, advantages","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/limited-slip-differential\/","articleBody":"Limited Slip Differential or Self-Locking Differential or Differential Lockout\r\n\r\n \tThe standard differential works well in most situations. However, on very slippery surfaces such as icy or muddy roads, a lack of driving force, called traction force, can cause rear wheels to slip because the standard differential will drive the wheel with the least traction.\r\n \tIf one drive wheel is on dry pavement and the other is on ice or mud, the ring gear and differential case will drive the pinion gears. But, the pinion gears will not drive both side gears. \r\n \tWhen the pinion gears are driven by the differential case, they will walk around the side gear related to the wheel on dry pavement. It results in the pinion gears driving the slipping wheel and the vehicle will not move. \r\n \tThe standard differential sends almost all engine power to the slipping wheel. This problem can be avoided by using differential locks. Differential locks overcome traction problems by sending the same power to both wheels while allowing the vehicle to make normal turns.\r\n\r\nLimited-slip differential diagram\r\n\r\n \tThe limited-slip differential (LSD) restricts the differential rpm between two wheels, two thrust washers and a clutch plate which are incorporated in the differential case shown in Figure \r\n \tWhen the resistance of left side differential gear is larger than the wheel, the right side differential gear will rotate. It makes the teeth of the right side differential clutch member climbing the teeth of the left side differential clutch member. So, it makes two clutch members move away from each other. \r\n \tHence, the side gears are pushed against the thrust washers. Due to this, the rpm of the rear axle shafts comes closer to the differential case due to the friction between side gears and thrust washers. So, it is called the limited-slip effect.\r\n\r\nTypes of limited-slip differential:\r\nThe two most common types of limited-slip differential are as follows.\r\nI. Clutch-plate differential\r\n2. Cone clutch differential.\r\n1. Clutch-plate differential:\r\nThe clutch-plate differential uses several friction discs which are similar to small manual clutch discs. The main difference between this limited-slip differential and a standard differential is the clutch packs placed between side gears and differential case. The clutch friction discs are made of steel covered with friction material. The clutch plates are made of steel. The discs and plates are alternately splined to the side gear and dogged (meaning tabs fit into grooves) to the differential case. Grooves in discs or plates are for better-grabbing power.\r\n\r\nclutch plate Differential diagram\r\n\r\nThe pinion gears, side gears, and other parts are similar to a standard differential. The differential case of the limited-slip differential is made in two parts to allow for clutch pack removal. The discs and plates are applied by the preload springs and by the mechanical pressure of the pinion gears on the side gears. Since, the pinion and side gears are beveled gears, their teeth try to come out of engagement when the differential is transmitting engine torque.\r\nIt creates a pushing action on the side gears and forces them outward against the differential case. The outward pressure of the side gears presses the friction discs and steel plates together between side gears and case. Whenever the discs and plates are pressed together, the splined and dogged connections ensure the side gear: and differential cases are locked together.\r\n\r\nWhen the vehicle is moving straight ahead, the clutch-plate differential operates similarly to a standard differential. The rear wheels and the differential case tum at the same speed. The clutch packs are applied but they are not needed.\r\nWhen the vehicle is making a tum, a high torque caused by the outer wheel rotating faster than the case and it causes the clutch pack to slip. It allows the differential to operate similarly to a standard differential when making turns. The discs and plates slide against each other discs turn with side gears, plates turning with case allowing different rotating speeds between the case and side gears. Therefore, rear wheels rotate at different speeds.\r\n2. Cone clutch differential:\r\nIt is the next version of the limited-slip differential. In place of clutch packs, the friction lined cones are used. The cone differential uses a cone-shaped clutch which engages a matching cone-shaped receptacle. The operation is similar to the clutch-plate differential.\r\nPreload spring and side gear pressures force the cone into a dished depression in the differential case. Friction tries to lock the cone. Therefore, the side gear sends power to the wheel with the most traction. Both clutch-plate and cone differentials require a special limited-slip gear oil. Using ordinary gear oil in limited-slip differentials, it will cause the discs and plates or cones to slip and vibrate during turns.\r\n\r\ncone differential Diagram\r\nAdvantages of Limited Slip differential Gearbox :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \t A limited-slip differential generates a higher level of traction, which increases the performance and speed of the car.\r\n \tA limited-slip differential increases the safety of a vehicle because it increases the control a driver has over the vehicle.\r\n \tThe main advantage of a limited-slip differential is demonstrated by considering the case of a standard (or \"open\") differential in off-roading or snow situations where one wheel begins to slip. In such a case with a standard differential, the slipping or non-contacting wheel will receive the majority of the power (in the form of low-torque, high rpm rotation), while the contacting wheel will remain stationary with respect to the ground.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Limited Slip Differential Gearbox :\r\n\r\n \tMaintenance is more.\r\n \tComplex in design.\r\n\r\nApplications of Limited Slip Differential Gearbox :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tLimited Slip Differentials are used in off-road and high-performance all-wheel-drive vehicles. \r\n \tLimited Slip Differentials are also used on\u00a0handy on icy or dirt roads.\r\n \tLimited-slip differentials are commonly found on performance cars from BMW, Audi, Lexus, Dodge, and Cadillac, among many others.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tDifferential gear Box - Diagram, parts, Types, Working, Advantages\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nAutomobile Trends , News articles , Notes\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Limited Slip Differential &#8211; Types, Diagram, Working, advantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2020-05-27","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 27, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/clutch-plate-Differential-diagram-266x300.jpg","height":300,"width":266},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/package-boiler/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/three-pass-packaged-type-boiler-300x208.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Package boilers- Parts, Working, Diagram, types, Advantages, Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/package-boiler/">Package boilers- Parts, Working, Diagram, types, Advantages, Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Package boilers
Package boilers are commonly called water or fire tube Boilers.  The packaged boiler is so-called because it comes as a complete package. Once delivered to a site, it requires only...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/package-boiler/" aria-label="View Post: Package boilers- Parts, Working, Diagram, types, Advantages, Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Package boilers- Parts, Working, Diagram, types, Advantages, Disadvantages","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/package-boiler\/","articleBody":"Package boilers\r\nPackage boilers are commonly called water or fire tube Boilers.\r\n\r\nThe packaged boiler is so-called because it comes as a complete package. Once delivered to a site, it requires only the steam, water pipework, fuel supply, and electrical connections to be made to become operational. Package boilers are generally of a shell type with a fire tube design so as to achieve high heat transfer rates by both radiation and convection.\r\n\r\nPackage boilers are used for heating and act as a steam generator for small power purposes such as self-powered industrial plants. They cannot be used for large-scale power plants such as co-generation plants due to their size and lack of efficiency. The advantages of package boilers are that they can be brought in as a whole assembly, perfect for tight spaces, and easily installed. They require steam pipes, water pipes, fuel supply, electrical connections, and can be made ready almost immediately. Because of their compact design, these boilers are cheaper to operate due to their automatic burner management system as well as maintenance cost.\r\nThe features of packaged boilers are:\r\n\r\n \tSmall combustion space and high heat release rate resulting in faster evaporation.\r\n \tA large number of small diameter tubes leading to good convective heat transfer.\r\n \tForced or induced draft systems resulting in good combustion efficiency.\r\n \tA number of passes resulting in better overall heat transfer.\r\n \tHigher thermal efficiency levels compared with other boilers.\r\n\r\nthree pass packaged type boiler diagram\r\nConstruction of three pass packaged type boiler : \r\nThe packaged boiler is so-called because it comes as a complete package with burner, level controls, feed pump, and all necessary boiler fittings and mountings. Once delivered to the site it requires only the steam, water, and blowdown pipework, fuel supply, and electrical connections to be made for it to become operational. This type of boiler having a capacity of 50 tons per hour. It consists of three stages of the tube in which flue gases are flowing. It has maximum structural rigidity and safety. Presently these types of boilers are also designed to burn wood, coal, and process waste also.\r\nWorking of three pass packaged type boiler:\r\nIn this boiler pulverized coal is used as a fuel. Hot gases are produced by burning coal. The flue gases coming from the first pass or combustion chamber pass through a number of tubes in different passes. Tubes are surrounded by water. The heat released by flue gases is absorbed by water and gets converted into steam. After passing through all tubes flue gases exhausted to the atmosphere through chimney and steam is collected in the upper part of the boiler.\r\n\r\nPackage boilers are fired from fuel oil in the form of liquid or gas. Fuel is ignited in the burners which creates an explosion within the boiler. Such a package boiler does not require purifiers (filters) because they burn consistently removing all contaminants within the fuel. To create constant combustion within the boiler, the forced draft fan forces air into the burner, causing a tornado effect creating turbulence to keep the flame ignited and the furnace pressurized.\r\nTypes of Package Boilers\r\nThe D-type Package Boiler\r\n\r\nThe D-type boiler has a water drum, steam drum, and generating tubes. Water flows into the steam drum, flows down the downcomers and into the water drum. Water is then sent from the water drum through the generating tubes, where the fire is located around causing water molecules to boil off into steam. Steam rises up more generating tubes and finally back into the steam drum where the dry pipe is located then into the plant. This configuration shaped the package boiler into a D-shape, hence the name D-type package boiler. These boilers are mostly used for plants that allow greater clearances.\r\n\r\nThe A-type Package Boiler\r\n\r\nThe A-type package boiler has two water drums and one steam drum compared to the D-type package boiler. Water boils off in the water drums shared by a common header, then sent up the generating tubes, into the steam drum and up the dry pipe. Just like the D-type package boiler, fire heats the tubes surroundings causing the tubes to increase in temperature thus boiling off water molecules to steam. A-type package boilers were designed to improve package boiler reliability and reduce tube replacements. A-type package boilers are smaller than D-type therefore will fit smaller plants, but does not have the same power output as D-type package boilers.\r\n\r\nThe O-type Package Boiler\r\n\r\nO-Type Package boiler. The boiler has two drums, one water drum, and one steam drum. The combustion chamber is in the middle surrounded by downcomers and generating tubes.\r\nThe O-type boilers are a little simpler compared to D-type and A-type. They consist of one water drum and one steam drum. Generating tubes are lined up from either side of the steam and water drums. When water boils due to convection heating, steam rises up through the tubes and into the steam drum. This is an asymmetrical design for restrictive plant layouts. O-type boilers are mainly used for their fast steam production and reduced maintenance cost.\r\nAdvantages of a packaged boiler :\u00a0\r\nAdvantages of package boilers are as follows,\r\n\r\n \tCompact design capable to fit tight engineering spaces\r\n \tUtilizes forced or induced draft system to provide greater efficiency and better airflow\r\n \tMany tube passes which provide greater heat transfer.\r\n \tHigh thermal wear levels.\r\n \tInexpensive maintenance.\r\n \tEase of installation.\r\n \tLess costly than a water tube boiler erected on site of the same capacity.\r\n \tLess manpower is required.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of packaged Boiler :\r\nDisadvantages of package boiler are as follows,\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tComplex Construction.\r\n \tThe high initial cost of the package boiler.\r\n \tDifficult to clean tubes within the boiler.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nReference: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Package_boiler\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead more about Boilers :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tScotch Marine Boiler - Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages, Disadvantages\r\n \tTypes of Boilers | How Boilers are Classified?\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nPower Engineering Articles , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Package boilers- Parts, Working, Diagram, types, Advantages, Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2020-05-26","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 26, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/three-pass-packaged-type-boiler-300x208.jpg","height":208,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/scotch-marine-boiler/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Scotch-marine-boiler-diagram-220x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Scotch Marine Boiler &#8211; Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages, Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/scotch-marine-boiler/">Scotch Marine Boiler &#8211; Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages, Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Scotch Marine Boiler 
The marine steam boilers of the scotch or tank-type are used for marine works, particularly, due to their compactness, efficiency in operation, and their ability to use any...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/scotch-marine-boiler/" aria-label="View Post: Scotch Marine Boiler &#8211; Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages, Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Scotch Marine Boiler &#8211; Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages, Disadvantages","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/scotch-marine-boiler\/","articleBody":"Scotch Marine Boiler \r\nThe marine steam boilers of the scotch or tank-type are used for marine works, particularly, due to their compactness, efficiency in operation, and their ability to use any type of water. It does not require brickwork settings and external flues.\r\n\r\n Scotch marine boiler is a famous boiler, the first one having been installed in a ship in about 1862 and up until around 1900 was practically the only type boiler found aboard merchant or Navy ships. At that time water tube boilers began to come into use but for a number of years the Scotch marine still remained the dominant boiler. With the advent of modern high-pressure power plants the water tube boiler became a necessity. However, there are still a considerable number of older American ships with Scotch boilers.\r\nMain Components of Scotch marine boilers :\r\nFurnaces-\r\n\r\nThe fuel in the Scotch boiler is burned in a cylindrical steel furnace located inside the water space of the boiler. The number of furnaces depends on the size of the boiler, there usually being three or four.\r\n\r\nCombustion Chamber-\r\n\r\nThe furnace opens into a combustion chamber which is simply a rectangular steel box standing on end and surrounded with water.\r\n\r\nIn the combustion chamber the unburned gases, given off from the burning fuel in the furnace, mix with air and burn.\r\n\r\nTubes-\r\n\r\nThe tubes are made of seamless drawn steel, a popular size being 3 1\/4 inch outside diameter which is the way all boiler tubes are measured.\r\n\r\nThe Scotch marine boiler has a two-pass (or more) arrangement of tubes that run horizontally to allow the heat inside the tubes to travel back and forth. It also has an internally fired furnace with a cylindrical combustion chamber.\r\n\r\nStaytubes-\r\n\r\nA small proportion of the tubes, scattered among the firetubes, are staytubes. They are heavier tubes and are threaded into the tube sheets to give added support to the flat tube sheets and heads.\r\nWorking Of Scotch Marine Boiler :\r\nIt has a drum of diameter from 2.5 to 3.5 meters placed horizontally. These steam boilers may be single-ended or double-ended. The length of a single-ended steam boiler may be up to 3.5 meters while for double-ended up to 6.5 meters. A single-ended boiler has one to four furnaces which enter from fronb.end of the boiler. A double-ended boiler has furnaces on both of its ends and may have furnaces from two to four in each end.\r\nA single-ended scotch marine steam boiler is fired by four furnaces, as shown in Fig.\u00a0 The furnaces are generally corrugated for strength. Each furnace has its own combustion chamber. There are fine flat plates in the combustion chamber, which require staying, i.e. the top plate, backplate, two side plates, and the tube plate. There are a number of smoke tubes placed horizontally and connect the combustion chamber to the chimney. The front and back plates of the shell are strengthened by longitudinal stays.\r\nScotch Marine boiler Diagram :\u00a0\r\n Scotch marine boiler diagram\r\n\r\nThe combustion chamber walls form the best heating surface. The furnace tubes, smoke tubes, and the combustion chamber, all being surrounded by water, give a very large heating surface area in proportion to the cubical size of the boiler. The water circulates around the smoke tubes. The level of water is maintained a little above the combustion chamber. The flue gases, from the combustion chamber, are forwarded by draught through the smoke tubes, and finally up the chimney. The smokebox is provided with a door for cleaning the tubes and smokebox.\r\nAdvantages of the Scotch Marine Firetube Boiler :\r\nAdvantages of the scotch marine boiler are as follows,\r\n\r\n1. Most of these boilers are built with a lot of heating surfaces, usually 5 square feet of heat transfer surface per boiler HP. This provides higher steady-state efficiency and good resistance to fouling. A Watertube boiler will usually have less heat transfer surface, but often add economizers to overcome this difference. This is why Firetube boilers typically have the best steady-state efficiency.\r\n2. Because a large diameter shell contains the water and steam, these boilers have a large steam chest and disengaging area that provides good steam quality without the addition of mechanical separation.\r\n3. The furnace can be made large enough to support a variety of different fuels and emission requirements.\r\n4. The large shell space allows for a fair amount of sediment accumulation without hurting the vessel, providing more flexibility in water treatment and blowdown maintenance. This is why the Firetube boiler is considered to be more forgiving.\r\n5. The boiler has large energy content (a combination of the steam and water at saturated temperature) that allows it to generate a higher steam flow rate for short periods with minimal steam pressure variations.\r\nDisadvantages of the Scotch Marine Firetube Boiler :\r\nThe Scotch marine boiler has the following disadvantages,\r\n\r\n1. Most Scotch Marine Firetube Boilers require a slow warmup cycle that can take several hours. Multiple pass boilers are subject to \u201cThermal Shock\u201d, and if the warmup cycle is not done properly, failures will occur over time. The larger (longer) the boiler, the bigger\r\nthe problem, because the difference of growth between the furnace, tubes and shell will be larger.\r\n2. The longer warmup cycle often requires backup boilers to be kept hot for quicker response. This adds cost and complicates the operation of a plant.\r\n3. Because the steam pressure is contained by the large-diameter shell, it has a limited pressure capacity, usually around 300 PSI.\r\n4. The large steam and water content means that more energy is required to bring the unit on-line. If the boiler operates infrequently, that energy (or a portion of that startup energy) will be lost in the off time, which is reflected in the lower dynamic efficiency.\r\nApplication of Scotch Marine Boiler\r\n\r\n \tThis boiler is commonly used in marine works. The reason for this is its compactness, efficiency in operation, and ability to operate in any type of water.\r\n \tThis boiler is used on ships.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead more :\r\n\r\n \tTypes of Boilers | How Boilers are Classified?\r\n \tBoiler Mountings-\u00a0 Functions, Parts, Diagram, Working\r\n \tIntroduction to Boilers | Classification Of Boilers\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Scotch Marine Boiler &#8211; Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages, Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2020-05-25","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 25, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Scotch-marine-boiler-diagram-220x300.jpg","height":300,"width":220},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/geothermal-power-plants/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/geothermal-power-plant-diagram-300x203.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Geothermal Energy &#8211; Types , Working, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/geothermal-power-plants/">Geothermal Energy &#8211; Types , Working, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>How is geothermal energy generated
The thermal energy contained in the interior of the earth is called geothermal energy. Volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs are visible evidence of a large amount...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/geothermal-power-plants/" aria-label="View Post: Geothermal Energy &#8211; Types , Working, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Geothermal Energy &#8211; Types , Working, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/geothermal-power-plants\/","articleBody":"How is geothermal energy generated\r\nThe thermal energy contained in the interior of the earth is called geothermal energy. Volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs are visible evidence of a large amount of heat lying in Earth's interior. The geothermal is enormous and last for several millions of years. Hence, it is called renewable energy.\r\n\r\nEnergy presents as heat ( i.e. thermal energy ) in the earth's crust. The more readily accessible heat is in the uppermost part (10 km ) or crust constitutes a potentially useful and almost the inexhaustible source of energy. This heat is apparent from the increase in temperature of the earth with an increase in depth below the surface. Although higher and lower temperatures or cross the average temperatures occur, the average temperature at the depth of 10 kilometers is 200 degrees celsius.\r\n\r\nThe molten rock within the earth is called magma. It is commonly presented at a depth of about 32 km on an average with a temperature of about 3000 degrees C. In some places, anomalous geologic conditions cause the magma to be pushed up towards the surface where the heat of the magma is being conducted upward through an overlying rock layer. The figure shows a typical geothermal field.\r\n\r\n geothermal field\r\n\r\nThe hot magma near the surface (A) solidifies into igneous rock (D). The heal of the magma is conducted upward to this igneous rock. Ground waler which finds its way down to this rock through cracks is healed by the heat of the rock or by mixing with hot gases and steam coming from magma. Then the heated water convectively rises upward and into a porous and permeable reservoir (C) above flit igneous rock. The reservoir is capped by a layer of the impermeable solid rock (D) which traps the hot water in the reservoir. The solid rock has fissures (E) which act as vents of the giant underground boiler. The vents show up at the surface as geysers fumaroles (I ) or hot spring (G). A well (H) traps steam from fissures for the use in a geothermal power plant.\r\n\r\nAt any place on the planet, there is a normal temperature gradient of 30 degrees C. per km dug into the earth. Therefore, if in one dig 20000 feet the temperature will be about 190-degree c above the surface temperature, this difference will be enough to produce electricity. However, no useful and economical technologies have been developed to extract this large source of energy.\r\nGeothermal Energy Sources\r\nThe basic kinds of geothermal sources are as follows.\r\n\r\n1. Hydrothermal\r\n(a) Vapour dominated or dry steam fields\r\n(b) Liquid dominated system\r\n(c) Hot -water fields\r\n\r\n2. Geopressured\r\n3. Hot dry rock or Petrothermal\r\n4. Magma resources\r\n5. Volcanoes\r\n\r\nHydrothermal resources contain superheated water, steam, or both in fractures or porous rock but further trapped by a layer of impermeable rock.\r\n\r\nHot dry rock or petrothermal resources consist of high-temperature rocks ranging from 90\u00b0C to 65O degree C. The rocks can be fractured and water may be circulated through the rocks to extract thermal energy.\r\nDirect Uses of Geothermal Energy\u00a0\r\nIt is more appropriate for sources below 150 degrees C. It is used for.\r\n\r\n \tSpace heating\r\n \tAir conditioning\u00a0\r\n \tIndustrial processes\r\n \tDrying\r\n \tGreenhouses\r\n \tAquaculture\r\n \tHot water\r\n \tResorts and pools\r\n \tmelting snow.\r\n\r\nTypes of Geothermal Power Plants :\r\n\r\n \tDry steam or Vapor -Dominated geothermal power plant.\r\n \tLiquid -dominated geothermal power plant.\r\n\r\nLiquid -dominated geothermal power plant is further classified as\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tFlashed-steam system\r\n \tBinary-cycle system.\r\n\r\nWorking Of Geothermal Energy - Working Of Geothermal Power Plants\u00a0\r\n Dry steam Or Vapour-dominated geothermal power plant \r\nThe figure shows a schematic and T-s diagram of a vapor-dominated power system. Dry steam from wells is collected, filtered to remove abrasive particles, and passed through turbines that drive electric generators in the usual manner. The essential difference between this system and a conventional steam turbine-generator system using fossil or unclear fuel is that the geothermal steam is supplied at much lower temperature and pressure. \r\n\r\nThe essential difference between this system and a conventional steam turbine-generator system using fossil fuel is that the geothermal steam is supplied at much lower temperature and pressure. \r\n\r\nThe dry steam from the well at (1) perhaps 200\u00b0C is used. It is nearly saturated at the bottom of the well and it may have o shut off pressure about 35 bar. The pressure drop through the well is slightly the superheat at well head (2). \r\n\r\nThe steam after expansion in the turbine (3) enters the condenser at 4. \r\n\r\nThe condensation of steam continuously increases the volume of the cooling water. \r\n\r\nA part of this heat is lost by evaporation in the cooling tower (6) and the remaining heat is injected deep into the ground (7) for disposal.\r\n\r\n The turbine exhaust steam at (4) mixes with the cooling water (7) coming from the cooling tower. The mixture of cooling water coming from the cooling tower and turbine exhaust is saturated vapor at (5) and it is pumped to the cooling tower (6).\r\nGeothermal Power plant Diagram :\u00a0\r\n geothermal power plant diagram\r\n2. Liquid-dominated geothermal power plant\r\n In the liquid dominated reservoir, the water temperature is above the normal boiling point 100 degrees C. However, it does not boil but it remains in a liquid state because the water in the reservoir is under pressure. When the water comes to the surface, the pressure is reduced, then rapid boiling occurs and the liquid water \u201cflashes\" into a mixture of hot water and steam. The steam can be separated and used to generate electric power or to provide space and process heat or it may be distilled to yield the purified water. \r\n\r\nThere are two important methods of liquid-dominated systems as follows,\r\n\r\n \tFlashed - steam system\u00a0\r\n \tBinary-cycle system\r\n\r\nPrime Movers for geothermal energy Conversion :\u00a0\r\nThe prime movers can be classified used in geothermal power plants are,\r\n\r\n1.Impulse\/Reaction machines:\r\n\r\n \tAxial flow -\u00a0 Curtis, Rateau steam\r\n \t Radial inflow - Francis turbine, multiple disk drag turbine\u00a0\r\n \tRadial outflow - Rotating nozzle, Hero's turbine\u00a0\r\n \tMultiple disc turbine - Bladeless impulse or reaction drag turbine.\u00a0\r\n\r\n2. Positive displacement machines :\r\n\r\n \tHelical screw expander\u00a0\r\n \tRotating oscillating vane machine.\r\n\r\n3. Impulse machines :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tTangential flow - Pelton wheel, Re-entry type turbine.\r\n \tArial Flow, De-laval turbine, and Curtis turbine.\r\n\r\nAdvantage and Disadvantage of geothermal energy :\r\nAdvantages of Geothermal energy :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tIt is versatile in its use and reliable source of energy.\r\n \t It is cheaper compared to energies obtained from other sources both zero fuels and fossil fuels.\r\n \tGeothermal plants require little land area. \r\n \tUsing geothermal energy directly for heating applications can be up to 70% more efficient.\r\n \tIts availability is independent of the weather.\u00a0\r\n \t It has an inherent storage feature and hence no extra storage systems are necessary.\r\n \tIt delivers a greater amount of net energy from its system than other alternative or conventional systems.\r\n \tIt has the highest annual load factor of 85 % to 90 % compared to 45% to 50% for fossil fuel plants.\r\n \t\u00a0It leads to minimum pollution compared to other conventional energy sources.\r\n \tUsing geothermal energy directly for heating applications can be up to 70 % more efficient.\r\n \tOnce built, geothermal power station operating costs are small making geothermal generated electricity much cheaper.\r\n \tGround-based geothermal heat pumps for heating and cooling can be used almost anywhere.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of geothermal energy :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tOverall efficiency for power production is low about 15% when compared to 35-40% for fossil fuel plants.\r\n \tThe steam and hot water gushing out of the earth may contain H2S , CO2 ,NH3, and radon gas, etc. These gases are to be removed by chemical action before they are discharged.\u00a0\r\n \tDrilling operation is noisy\u00a0\r\n \tLarge area is required for the exploitation of geothermal energy as much diffused.\r\n \tContinuous extraction of heated groundwater may lead to subsidence of land.\r\n \tThe corrosive and abrasive geothermal fluid reduces the life of plants.\r\n \tThermal energy cannot be distributed easily over a long distance ( longer than 30 km )\r\n \tInitial capital and installation costs are high.\r\n\r\nApplications of Geothermal Energy :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tIt is used in generating electric power.\r\n \tIt is used in industrial process heat.\r\n \tIt is used in space heating for various kinds of buildings.\r\n \tIt is used in agricultural and related applications.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nPower Engineering Articles , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Geothermal Energy &#8211; Types , Working, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2020-05-25","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 25, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/geothermal-power-plant-diagram-300x203.jpg","height":203,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=6">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=5"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>5</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=6"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>6</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>7</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=8"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>8</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=9"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>9</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=8">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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