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id="attachment_2775" align="aligncenter" width="530"] This Image gives overall idea about 3D Printing- Atypical 3D Printer Machine[/caption]  3D printing...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/3d-printing-rapid-prototyping-additive/" aria-label="View Post: 3D Printing | Rapid Prototyping | Additive Manufacturing">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"3D Printing | Rapid Prototyping | Additive Manufacturing","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/3d-printing-rapid-prototyping-additive\/","articleBody":"Introduction to 3D Printing\r\n\r\n\r\nThis Image gives overall idea about 3D Printing- Atypical 3D Printer Machine\r\n\r\n3D printing is a form of Additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is created by laying down successive layers of material. It is also known as rapid prototyping, is a mechanized method whereby 3D objects are quickly made on a reasonably sized machine connected to a computer containing blueprints for the object. The 3D printing concept of custom manufacturing is exciting to nearly everyone. This revolutionary method for creating 3D models with the use of inkjet technology saves time and cost by eliminating the need to design; print and glue together separate model parts. Now, you can create a complete model in a single process using 3D printing. The basic principles include materials cartridges, flexibility of output, and translation of code into a visible pattern.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIron Man suit was manufactured by 3D Printing Technique.\r\n\r\n3D Printers are machines that produce physical 3D models from digital data by printing layer by layer. It can make physical models of objects either designed with a CAD program or scanned with a 3D Scanner. It is used in a variety of industries including jewelry, footwear, industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction, automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education and consumer products.\r\n\r\n\r\nHistory of 3d Printing\r\nThe technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first developed by Charles Hull in 1984. He named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a patent for the technique in 1986. While Stereo lithography systems had become popular by the end of 1980s, other similar technologies such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) were introduced. In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) patented another technology, named \"3 Dimensional Printing techniques\", which is similar to the inkjet technology used in 2D Printers. In 1996, three major products, \"Genisys\" from Stratasys, \"Actua 2100\" from 3D\r\nSystems and \"Z402\" from Z Corporation, were introduced. In 2005, Z Corp. launched a breakthrough product, named Spectrum Z510, which was the first high definition color 3D Printer in the market. Another breakthrough in 3D Printing occurred in 2006 with the initiation of an open source project, named Reprap, which was aimed at developing a selfreplicating 3D printer.\r\n\r\nMANUFACTURING A MODEL WITH THE 3D PRINTER\r\n\r\n\r\nCAR 3D MODEL\r\n\r\n\r\nThe model to be manufactured is built up a layer at a time. A layer of powder is automatically deposited in the model tray. The print head then applies resin in the shape of the model. The layer dries solid almost immediately. The model tray then moves down the distance of a layer and another layer of power is deposited in position, in the model tray. The print head again applies resin in the shape of the model, binding it to the first layer. This sequence occurs one layer at a time until the model is complete Very recently Engineers at the University of Southampton in the UK have designed, printed, and sent skyward the world\u2019s first aircraft manufactured almost entirely via 3-D printing technology.\r\n\r\n3d printing flow chart\r\n\r\n\r\nCurrent 3D Printing Technologies\r\nStereo lithography - Stereo lithographic 3D printers (known as SLAs or stereo lithography apparatus) position a perforated platform just below the surface of a vat of liquid photo curable polymer. A UV laser beam then traces the first slice of an object on the surface of this liquid, causing a very thin layer of photopolymer to harden. The perforated platform is then lowered very slightly and another slice is traced out and hardened by the laser. Another slice is then created, and then another, until a complete object has been printed and can be removed from the vat of photopolymer, drained of excess liquid, and cured.\r\n\r\n\r\nStereo lithography\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFused deposition modelling - Here a hot thermoplastic is extruded from a temperature-controlled print head to produce fairly robust objects to a high degree of accuracy.\r\n\r\nSelective laser sintering (SLS) - This builds objects by using a laser to selectively fuse together successive layers of a cocktail of powdered wax, ceramic, metal, nylon or one of a range of other materials.\r\n\r\nMulti-jet modelling (MJM)- This again builds up objects from successive layers of powder, with an inkjet-like print head used to spray on a binder solution that glues only the required granules together.\r\n\r\nThe VFlash printer, manufactured by Canon, is low-cost 3D printer. It\u2019s known to build layers with a light-curable film. Unlike other printers, the VFlash builds its parts from the top down.\r\n\r\nDesktop Factory is a startup launched by the Idealab incubator in Pasadena, California.\r\n\r\nFab@home, an experimental project based at Cornell University, uses a syringe to deposit material in a manner similar to FDM. The inexpensive syringe makes it easy to experiment with different materials from glues to cake frosting.\r\n\r\nThe Nano-factory 3D printing technologies are introduced that are related to the\r\nnanotechnologies.\r\n.\r\n3D Printing Capabilities:\r\nAs anticipated, this modern technology has smoothed the path for numerous new possibilities in various fields. The list below details the advantages of 3D printing in certain fields.\r\n1. Product formation is currently the main use of 3D printing technology. These machines allow designers and engineers to test out ideas for dimensional products cheaply before committing to expensive tooling and manufacturing processes.\r\n2. In Medical Field, Surgeons are using 3d printing machines to print body parts for reference before complex surgeries. Other machines are used to construct bone grafts for patients who have suffered traumatic injuries. Looking further in the future, research is underway as scientists are working on creating replacement organs.\r\n3. Architects need to create mockups of their designs. 3D printing allows them to come up with these mockups in a short period of time and with a higher degree of accuracy.\r\n4. 3D printing allows artists to create objects that would be incredibly difficult, costly, or time intensive using traditional processes.\r\n\r\n3D Saves Time and Cost\r\n\r\n\r\nCreating complete models in a single process using 3D printing has great benefits. This innovative technology has been proven to save companies time, manpower and money. Companies providing 3D printing solutions have brought to life an efficient and competent technological product.See Also : What is additive Manufacturing technology ?","headline":"3D Printing | Rapid Prototyping | Additive Manufacturing","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-01-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 24, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/3Dprinter-300x168.jpg","height":168,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/engineering-drawing-scale-tips-for/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/technicaldawingexample-300x232.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Engineering Drawing | Scale | Tips For Dimensioning</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/engineering-drawing-scale-tips-for/">Engineering Drawing | Scale | Tips For Dimensioning</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Engineering Drawing | Scale | Tips For Dimensioning
Introduction to Engineering Drawing  A technical person can use the graphic language as powerful means of communication with others for...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/engineering-drawing-scale-tips-for/" aria-label="View Post: Engineering Drawing | Scale | Tips For Dimensioning">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Engineering Drawing | Scale | Tips For Dimensioning","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/engineering-drawing-scale-tips-for\/","articleBody":"Engineering Drawing | Scale | Tips For Dimensioning\r\nIntroduction to Engineering Drawing\r\n\r\nA technical person can use the graphic language as powerful means of communication with others for conveying ideas on technical matters. an engineer should posses good knowledge, not only in preparing a correct drawing but also to read the drawing correctly.\r\n\r\nClassification of Drawing\r\n1) Machine Drawing- These drawings are about machine parts.\r\n\r\n2) Production Drawing- A production drawing, also referred to as working drawing, should furnish all the dimensions, limits and special finishing processes such as heat treatment, honing, lapping, surface finish\u00a0etc., to guide the craftsman on the shop floor in producing the component.\r\n\r\n3) Part Drawing- Component or part drawing is a detailed drawing of a component to facilitate its manufacture.\r\n\r\n4) Assembly Drawing- Detail drawing of assembly.\r\nSubtypes are: Design Assembly Drawing, Detailed Assembly Drawing, Sub- Assembly Drawing, and Installation Assembly Drawing.\r\n\r\n5) Machine Shop Drawing: A machine shop drawing frequently gives only the information necessary for machining.\r\n\r\n6) Patent Drawing: \u00a0This drawing is drawn in the patent report with details and assembly of a parts. In this drawing numbers like 1,2,3,4 are given to Sub parts.\r\n\r\nScale:\r\n\r\nMost of engineering Students get confused about scale reduction and enlargement. Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of an object as represented in the drawing, to the real linear dimension of the same element of the object itself. Wherever possible, it is desirable to make full size drawings, so as to represent true shapes and sizes. If this is not practicable, the largest possible scale should be used. While drawing very small objects, such as watch components and other similar objects, it is advisable to use enlarging scales.\r\nHow to Specify a Scale:\r\nThe complete designation of a scale should consist of the word Scale, followed by the indication of its ratio as:\r\nSCALE 1: 1 for full size,\r\nSCALE \u00d7: 1 for enlarged scales,\r\nSCALE 1: \u00d7 for reduced scales.\r\n\r\nThe designation of the scale used on the drawing should be shown in the title block.\r\n\r\nRecommended Scales: The recommended scales for use on technical drawings are given in Table. The scale and the size of the object in turn, will decide the size of the drawing\r\nScale Specification:\r\nIf all drawings are made to the same scale, the scale should be indicated in or near the title block. Where it is necessary to use more than one scale on a drawing, the main scale only should be shown in the title block and all the other scales, adjacent to the item reference number of the part concerned or near the drawings.\r\n\r\nTips for Dimensioning:\r\n1. As far as possible, dimensions should be placed outside the view.\r\n2. Dimensions should be taken from visible outlines rather than from hidden lines.\r\n3. Dimensioning to a centre line should be avoided except when the centre line passes through the centre of a hole.\r\n4. Each feature should be dimensioned once only on a drawing.\r\n5. Dimensions should be placed on the view or section that relates most\u00a0clearly to the corresponding features.\r\n6. Each drawing should use the same unit for all dimensions, but without showing the unit symbol.\r\n7. No more dimensions than are necessary to define a part should be shown on a drawing.\r\n8. No features of a part should be defined by more than one dimension in any one direction.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nIC Engine Articles , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nEngineering Drawing- Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download","headline":"Engineering Drawing | Scale | Tips For Dimensioning","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-01-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 24, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/technicaldawingexample-300x232.jpg","height":232,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/practical-significance-and-use-of/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gear-pinion-270x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Module of Gear &#8211; Diametrical Pitch of gear</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/practical-significance-and-use-of/">Module of Gear &#8211; Diametrical Pitch of gear</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Module of Gear
We all aware about ' What is Module ??' and What is 'Diametrical Pitch'. Both these concepts are a function of the pitch circle. So let us understand the meaning of pitch circle...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/practical-significance-and-use-of/" aria-label="View Post: Module of Gear &#8211; Diametrical Pitch of gear">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Module of Gear &#8211; Diametrical Pitch of gear","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/practical-significance-and-use-of\/","articleBody":"Module of Gear\r\nWe all aware about ' What is Module ??' and What is 'Diametrical Pitch'. Both these concepts are a function of the pitch circle. So let us understand the meaning of pitch circle first. Any gear system, the pitch circle is the imaginary circle that connects the points on the gear where two interlocking gears meet. The pitch circle divides the gear's tooth into the top of the gear tooth, or addendum, and the bottom of the gear tooth, called the dedendum. At any point where two gears touch, their pitch circles will be tangent to one another if the gear system is designed correctly.\r\n  \r\nModule: (modulus)\r\n\r\nModule is a ratio of Pitch circle diameter to the total number of teeth on a gear or pinion. The Module has standard values like 4,5,7 likewise, it is not given infraction at all. Unit of module is Millimeter.\r\nPractical meaning of Module:\r\n1) Module gives total idea about the Gear size either small or too large.\r\n2)\u00a0 Gears are basically designated by using module and number of teeth, the meaning of this is that If Someone wants to buy a gear, he needs to ask gear by module and number of teeth.\r\n3) As already mentioned Pitch Circle is an imaginary circle .we can't measure practically to Pitch circle diameter. It can be found with the help of modules and teeth. Obviously from formula one can easily find the pitch circle diameter.\r\n4) while designing gear first module is decided according to speed ratio and number of teeth. Further this module is used to calculate the remaining gear parameter like an addendum , dedendum, etc.\r\n\r\nWhat is Diametrical Pitch? \r\n\r\n \tDiametrical pitch is reciprocal of module i.e. Ratio of number of teeth to Pitch Circle Diameter.\r\n \tDiametrical pitch, then, is a function of the diameter of the gear's pitch circle. It is equal to the number of teeth of the gear per inch or per centimeter of its diameter, depending on which measuring system is used. For example, if a gear has 32 teeth and a diameter of 8 inches (20 cm), the diametral pitch is four teeth per inch or 1.6 teeth per centimeter. When a consumer purchases or orders a gear, a manager would tell his gear salesperson or mechanical engineer the diametral pitch of the gear needed in order to make sure that the proper type of gear is ordered. When a gear system is first designed, diametral pitch is important because it helps determine what size and type of gear is needed to interlock with any other gear.\r\n \tA gear is designed to transfer power from one section of a machine to another section of the machine. Two gears that will interlock successfully need to have the same measurements or they will not work properly together and the power will not be transferred. For example, the ratio of the number of teeth on one gear to the second gear needs to be the same as the ratio between the first gear's diametral pitch to that of the second gear's.\r\n \tThis measurement helps determine how fast a gear can move in a machine as well. The velocity ratio of a gear is defined as the ratio of the first gear's rotation speed to the ratio of the second gear's rotation speed. This same ratio also needs to apply to the diametral pitches of the two gears for the system to function properly.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMeasurement Science and Metrology Notes , Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Module of Gear &#8211; Diametrical Pitch of gear","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-01-05","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/gear-pinion-270x300.jpg","height":300,"width":270},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/heat-pipe-working-and-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/HEAT_PIPES_mechenggs.blogspot.in_-300x155.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Heat Pipe | Working and Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/heat-pipe-working-and-application/">Heat Pipe | Working and Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Heat Pipe | Working and Application
ABSTRACT
The heat pipe is a device having a high thermal conductance which utilizes the transport of a vapour and rejection of latent heat to achieve efficient...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/heat-pipe-working-and-application/" aria-label="View Post: Heat Pipe | Working and Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Heat Pipe | Working and Application","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/heat-pipe-working-and-application\/","articleBody":"Heat Pipe | Working and Application\r\nABSTRACT\r\nThe heat pipe is a device having a high thermal conductance which utilizes the transport of a vapour and rejection of latent heat to achieve efficient thermal energy transport. The theory of heat pipes is well developed. Their use in applications involving temperatures in the cryogenic regime, and with development units running as high as 2000 degrees C, shows that they can function over a large part of the temperature spectrum. Applications in spacecraft, electronics and die casting are but few of the uses for these devices.\r\n\r\nHeat Pipe\r\nA heat pipe is a device that efficiently transports thermal energy from its one point to the other. It utilizes the latent heat of the vaporized workingfluid instead of the sensible heat. As a result, the effective thermal conductivity may be several orders of magnitudes higher than that of thegood solid conductors.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION TO HEAT PIPE\r\n\r\n\r\nheat pipe construction\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA heat pipe consists of a sealed container, a wick structure, a small amount of working fluid that is just sufficient to saturate the wick and it is in equilibrium with its own vapor. The operating pressure inside the heat pipe is the vapor pressure of its working fluid. The length of the heat pipe can be divided into three parts viz. evaporator section, adiabatic section and condenser section.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n2.DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS\r\n\r\n\r\nThe three basic components of a heat pipe are :\r\n\r\n1. The container.\r\n2. The working fluid.\r\n3. The wick or capillary structure.\u00a0\r\n\r\nCONTAINER\r\n\r\n\u00a0The function of the container is to isolate the working fluid from the outside environment. It has to therefore be leak-proof, maintain the pressure differential across its walls, and enable transfer of heat to take place from and into the working fluid.\u00a0\r\n\r\nSelection of the container material depends on many factors. These are as follows:\r\n\r\n\u2022 Compatibility (both with working fluid and external environment)\r\n\u2022 Strength to weight ratio\r\n\u2022 Thermal conductivity\r\n\u2022 Ease of fabrication, including welding, machine ability and ductility\r\n\u2022 Porosity\r\n\u2022 Wettability\r\n\r\nMost of the above are self-explanatory. A high strength to weight ratio is more important in spacecraft applications. The material should be non-porous to prevent the diffusion of vapor. A high thermal conductivity ensures minimum temperature drop between the heat source and the\r\nwick.\r\n\r\nWORKING FLUID\r\n\r\n\u00a0A first consideration in the identification of a suitable working fluid is the operating vapour temperature range. Within the approximate temperature band, several possible working fluids may exist, and a \u00a0variety of characteristics must be \u00a0examined in order to determine the most acceptable of these fluids for the application considered.\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe prime requirements are:\u00a0\r\n\u2022 compatibility with wick and wall materials\r\n\u2022 good thermal stability\r\n\u2022 wettability of wick and wall materials\r\n\u2022 vapor pressure not too high or low over the operating temperature range\r\n\u2022 high latent heat\r\n\u2022 high thermal conductivity\r\n\u2022 low liquid and vapor viscosities\r\n\u2022 high surface tension\r\n\u2022 acceptable freezing or pour point\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe selection of the working fluid must also be based on thermodynamic \u00a0considerations which are concerned with the various limitations to heat flow occurring within the heat pipe like, viscous, sonic, capillary,entrainment and nucleate boiling levels.\r\n\r\nWICK OR CAPILLARY STRUCTURE\r\n\r\nIt is a porous structure made of materials like steel, alumunium, nickel or copper in various ranges of pore sizes. They are fabricated using metal foams, and more particularly felts, the latter being more frequently used. By varying the pressure on the felt during assembly, various pore sizes can be produced. By incorporating removable metal mandrels, an arterial structure can also be molded in the felt. Fibrous materials, like ceramics, have also been used widely. They generally have smaller pores. The main disadvantage of ceramic fibres is that, they have little stiffness and usually require a continuos support by \u00a0a metal mesh. Thus while the fibre itself may be chemically compatible with the working fluids, the supporting materials may cause problems.More recently, interest has turned to carbon fibres as a wick material. Carbon fibre filaments have many fine longitudinal grooves on their surface, have high capillary pressures and are chemically stable. A number of heat pipes that have been successfully constructed using carbon fibre wicks seem to show a greater heat transport capability. \u00a0The prime purpose of the wick is to generate capillary pressure to transport the working fluid from the condenser to the evaporator. It must also be able to distribute the liquid around the evaporator section to any area where heat is likely to be received by the heat pipe. Often these two functions require wicks of different forms. The selection of the wick for \u00a0a heat pipe depends on many factors, several of which are closely linked to the properties of the working fluid.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE OF HEAT PIPE :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHeat pump working\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA metal cylinder is sealed with a fluid within it creating a closed system. One end of the tube is heated and the other is cooled. The heat source (the evaporator) causes the fluid to boil and turn to vapor (this is absorbing energy as heat). When that hap latent heat of vaporization. The gas, which then has a higher pressure, moves inside the sealed container to a colder location where it \u00a0condenses. Once the vapor reaches the cold end of the tube (the condenser), the fluid changes phase again from vapor back to a liquid. Thus, the gas gives up the latent heat of vaporization and moves heat from the input to the output end of the heat pipe. This liquid returns to the hot (evaporator) end by means of a wick so that the liquid can \u00a0repeat the process. This process is capable of transporting heat from a\r\nhot region to a colder region. It requires no addition of external energy.\r\n\r\n\r\nHeat Pipe Applications\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nElectronics cooling- Small high performance components cause high heat fluxes and high heat dissipation demands. Used to cool transistors and high density semiconductors.\r\n\r\nAerospace-Cool satellite solar array, as well as shuttle leading edge during reentry.\r\n\r\nHeat exchangers- Power industries use heat pipe heat exchangers as air heaters on\u00a0boilers.\r\n\r\nOther applications- Production tools, medicine and human body temperature control, engines and automotive industry.Types of Heat Pipes\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFlat Plate- Much like traditional cylindrical heat pipes but are rectangular. Used to cool and flatten temperatures of semiconductor or transistor packages assembled in arrays on the top of the heat pipe.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCapillary pumped loop heat pipe- For systems where the heat fluxes are very high or where the heat from the heat source needs to be moved far away. In the loop heat pipe, the vapor travels around in a loop where it condenses and returns to the evaporator. Used in electronics cooling.\r\nMain Heat Transfer Limitations\r\nCapillary limit- Occurs when the capillary pressure is too low to provide enough liquid to the evaporator from the condenser. Leads to dryout in the evaporator. Dryout prevents the thermodynamic cycle from continuing and the heat pipe no longer functions properly.\r\n\r\nBoiling Limit- Occurs when the radial heat flux into the heat pipe causes the liquid in the wick to boil and evaporate causing dryout.\r\n\r\nHEAT PIPES IN DIFFERENT SIZES AND SHAPES\r\n\r\nMEGA FLATS\r\nFlat heat pipes are typically used for cooling printed circuit boards or for heat leveling to produce an isothermal plane. Mega flats are several flat heat pipes sandwiched together.\u00a0\r\n\r\nSome of the flat heat pipes manufactured are:\r\n\r\nXY Mega Flats: Surface maintained within .01\u00b0 F isothermal with concentrated load centers.\u00a0\r\n6\" X 6\" Mega Flat: Dissipated 850 watts from a printed circuit board.\u00a0\r\n\r\nDIFFERENT MEGA FLATS\r\nWeight Reduction Mega Flats:\r\nStandard - aluminum construction.\u00a0\r\nLightweight - \u00bd the weight of aluminum.\u00a0\r\nVery light weight - 1\/3 the weight of aluminum. \u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nRAC \/ HVAC - Articles , Notes , Que and Answers\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Heat Pipe | Working and Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-01-05","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 24, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/HEAT_PIPES_mechenggs.blogspot.in_-300x155.jpg","height":155,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/what-is-monowheel-and-how-it-works/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Monowheel2520men2520in2520black-300x200.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Monowheel and How it Works</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/what-is-monowheel-and-how-it-works/">What is Monowheel and How it Works</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p> Design and Fabrication Of Monowheel Mechanical Project  Have you seen Men In Black 3 ,a hollywood movie ?.In that movie they used a Monowheel vehicles which has only  One Wheel and the driver...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/what-is-monowheel-and-how-it-works/" aria-label="View Post: What is Monowheel and How it Works">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Monowheel and How it Works","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-monowheel-and-how-it-works\/","articleBody":"\u00a0Design and Fabrication Of Monowheel Mechanical Project\r\n\r\nHave you seen Men In Black 3 ,a hollywood movie ?.In that movie they used a Monowheel vehicles which has only\u00a0 One Wheel and the driver was sat in the wheel.\r\nMonowheel mechanical project\r\n\r\nMonowheel -- a one-wheeled motorized vehicle. Unlike a unicycle, however, the driver of a monowheel actually sits inside, or sometimes next to, the wheel. A monowheel is different from a unicycle because the rider sits inside the wheel's circumference, rather than on top of it or outside it. Usually, a monowheel will have a\r\ncircle-shaped frame with a moving track on the very outside, often made of rubber. Think of the track as a giant tire that surrounds the\r\nmonowheel -- it's what's responsible for moving the vehicle forward.\r\n\r\n\u00a0Mechanism used for monowheels--\r\n\u00a0Monowheels are now a days used for fun purpose due to some limitation that explained later.\r\nMonowheel either engine operated or Pedal Operated. Pedal Operated mechanism may consist of a sprocket and Chain mechanism which would further drive to Monowheel. Other possibility is using IC engine either two stroke or four stroke,however,Capacity of engine should be less so that it wont much affect Stability Of Monowheels.\r\n\u00a0How it Works ?\r\n\u00a0A monowheel works like a giant ball bearing. The driver and the engine anchor the inner wheel, while the engine propels the outer loop. It stays upright through the same principles as a gyroscope . As long as an external force generates motion -- in this case, an engine (although some monowheels are pedal powered) -- the vehicle will stay in motion.\r\n\u00a0Limitation of Monowheels\r\n\u00a0A monowheel's lack of other wheels and somewhat awkward stance makes handling difficult. A rider will typically want to keep his or her feet close to the ground so the monowheel doesn't tip over completely. In addition, if it has a powerful engine, it's unlikely that all of the power can be used in this kind of setup. Its lack of stability when forward motion is taken away makes braking especially difficult, too.\r\n\r\n\u00a0Other Issues are:\r\n\u00a0Risk of \"gerbiling \"\r\nIn most designs, if the driver accelerates or brakes too hard, it is possible that the force applied overcomes the force of gravity keeping the rider at the bottom of the wheel, sending the rider spinning around the inside of the wheel. This is known as gerbiling because it has some similarity to the situation of a gerbil running too quickly inside of a hamster wheel. Visibility issues. In driver-inside designs,the rider is always facing the inner rim of the wheel, which can obstruct the view of oncoming hazards.\r\n Monowheel Projects :\r\nThere are various possibility modification in Monowheel Mechanism, So many papers are available on Monowheels. I have already explained details about Monowheels .By considering the details and doing some literature survey ,It is possible to build Monowheel.\r\n\r\nmono wheel project\r\n\r\n&#x1f449;See Also:\u00a0Index Of\u00a0Mechanical New Projects , Innovations ,Ideas\u00a0&#x1f449;","headline":"What is Monowheel and How it Works","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-01-05","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 24, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Monowheel2520men2520in2520black-300x200.jpg","height":200,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//m.gunkrazy.com/gyroscopic-couple-basic-principle-examples/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gyroscopemechanism-241x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Gyroscopic Couple Basic | Principle | Examples</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/gyroscopic-couple-basic-principle-examples/">Gyroscopic Couple Basic | Principle | Examples</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Introduction to Gyroscopic 
Gyroscopic Couple Basic -‘Gyre’ is a Greek word, meaning ‘circular motion’ and Gyration means the whirling  motion. A gyroscope is a spatial mechanism which is...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//m.gunkrazy.com/gyroscopic-couple-basic-principle-examples/" aria-label="View Post: Gyroscopic Couple Basic | Principle | Examples">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Gyroscopic Couple Basic | Principle | Examples","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/gyroscopic-couple-basic-principle-examples\/","articleBody":"Introduction to Gyroscopic\u00a0\r\nGyroscopic Couple Basic -\u2018Gyre\u2019 is a Greek word, meaning \u2018circular motion\u2019 and Gyration means the whirling \u00a0motion. A gyroscope is a spatial mechanism which is generally employed for the study of precessional motion of a rotary body. Gyroscope finds applications in gyrocompass, used in aircraft, naval ship, control system of missiles and space shuttle.\r\n\r\n\r\n gyroscope mechanism\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA gyroscope consists of a rotor mounted in the inner gimbal. The inner gimbal is\u00a0mounted in the outer gimbal which itself is mounted on a fixed frame as shown in Fig.\u00a0When the rotor spins about X-axis with angular velocity \u03c9 rad\/s and the inner gimbal\u00a0precesses (rotates) about Y-axis, the spatial mechanism is forced to turn about Z-axis other\u00a0than its own axis of rotation, and the gyroscopic effect is thus setup. The resistance to this\u00a0motion is called gyroscopic effect.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nGYROSCOPIC COUPLE\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\r\nThe turning moment which opposes any change of the inclination of the axis of rotation of a gyroscope.\r\n\r\nDirection of Spin vector, Precession vector and Couple\/Torque vector\u00a0\r\n\r\nwith forced precession\r\n\r\n\r\nTo determine the direction of spin, precession and torque\/couple vector, right hand screw rule or right hand rule is used. The fingers represent the rotation of the disc and the\u00a0thumb shows the direction of the spin, precession and torque vector\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Direction of Spin vector, Precession vector and Couple\/Torque vector\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCase :\r\nConsider a rotor rotating in anticlockwise direction when seen from the right, and to precess the spin axis about precession axis in clockwise and anticlockwise\u00a0direction when seen from top. Then, to determine the active\/reactive gyroscopic couple\u00a0vector, the following procedure is used.\r\n\r\n \tTurn the spin vector through 90 degree\u00a0in the direction of \u00a0precession on the XOZ\u00a0plane\r\n \tThe turned spin vector will then correspond to the direction of active \u00a0gyroscopic couple\/torque vector\r\n \tThe reactive gyroscopic couple\/torque vector is taken \u00a0opposite \u00a0to active gyro\u00a0vector direction\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Direction of active and reactive gyroscopic couple\/torque vector\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nExamples Of Gyroscopic Couples :\u00a0\r\n\r\nGYROSCOPIC EFFECT ON SHIP\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nGyroscope is used for stabilization and directional control of a ship sailing in the \u00a0rough sea. A ship, while navigating in the rough sea, may experience the following three different types of motion:\r\n(i) Steering\u2014The turning of ship in a curve while moving forward\r\n(ii) Pitching\u2014The movement of the ship up and down \u00a0from horizontal position in a vertical plane about transverse axis\r\n(iii)Rolling\u2014Sideway motion of the ship about longitudinal axis.\r\n\r\n\r\nFor stabilization of a ship against any of the above motion, the major requirement is that the gyroscope shall be made to precess in such a way that reaction couple exerted by the rotor opposes the disturbing couple which may act on the frame.\r\n\r\nShip Terminology \u00a0\r\n\u00a0(i) Bow \u2013 It is the fore end of \u00a0ship\r\n(ii) Stern \u2013 It is the rear end of ship\r\n(iii) Starboard \u2013 It is the right hand side of the ship looking in the direction of motion\r\n(iv) Port \u2013 It is the left hand side of the ship looking in the direction of motion\r\n\r\n\r\n ship terminology\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nConsider a gyro-rotor mounted on the ship along longitudinal axis (X-axis) as shown in above image and rotate in clockwise direction when viewed from rear end of the ship. The \u00a0angular speed of the rotor is rad\/s. The direction of angular momentum vector, based on direction of rotation of rotor, is decided using right hand thumb rule.\r\nGyroscopic Effect on Aeroplane\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Aeroplanes are subjected to gyroscopic effect when it taking off, landing and negotiating left or right turn in the air.\r\n\r\nLet us analyze the effect of gyroscopic couple acting on the body of the aero plane for various conditions.\r\n\r\n\r\n aeroplane front and rear\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\nCase (i): PROPELLER rotates in CLOCKWISE direction when seen from rear end and Aeroplane turns towards LEFT\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n aeroplane taking turn to left\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nCase (ii): PROPELLER rotates in CLOCKWISE direction when seen from rear end and Aeroplane turns towards RIGHT\r\n\r\n\u00a0 Case (iii): PROPELLER rotates in ANTICLOCKWISE direction when seen from rear end and Aeroplane turns towards LEFT\r\n\r\n\r\nCase (iv): \u00a0PROPELLER rotates in ANTICLOCKWISE direction when seen from rear end and Aeroplane turns towards RIGHT\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nStability of Automotive\r\n two wheeler taking turn\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A vehicle running on the road is said to be stable when no wheel is supposed to leave the road surface. In other words, the resultant reactions by the road surface on wheels should \u00a0act in upward direction. For a moving vehicle, one of the reaction is due to gyroscopic couple \u00a0produced by the rotating wheels and rotating parts of the engine. Let us discuss stability of two and four wheeled vehicles when negotiating a curve\/turn.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n stability of two wheeler vehicle\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nStability of Four Wheeled Vehicle negotiating a turn.\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0When a vehicle moves on a curved path, a centrifugal force acts on the vehicle in \u00a0outward direction through \u00a0the centre of gravity of the vehicle. Total Gyroscopic Couple is Found out by making plus of Effect of Gyroscopic Couple due to Engine and\u00a0Effect of Gyroscopic couple due to Wheel.\r\n\r\n\r\n gyroscopic couple acting on four wheeler car body\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTheory of Machine Article , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Gyroscopic Couple Basic | Principle | Examples","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-01-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 24, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/gyroscopemechanism-241x300.jpg","height":300,"width":241},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/m.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=336">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=335"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>335</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=336"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>336</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>337</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=338">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//m.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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